关于词汇大纲语言单位取向问题的思考——兼议《新汉语水平考试大纲》“重大轻小”的收录取向  

Which Kind of Language Units Should a Lexical Syllabus Adopt:Some Thoughts on the Trend of Choosing Big Language Unit but not Small Ones in Chinese Proficiency Test Syllabus

作　　者：张博[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2015年第1期1-9,共9页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"不同母语背景的汉语学习者词语混淆分布特征及其成因研究"(项目批准号:2009JJD740005)经费支持

摘　　要：《新汉语水平考试大纲》词表收录了某些词组,却没有(或没有完全)收录构成这些词组的常用词;收录了某些复合词而未收作为其构成成分又可自由使用的单音节词。这种"重大轻小"的取向可能来自"语块"教学法影响或以"复"赅"单"的期许。本文提出,词汇大纲应持"重小兼大"的语言单位取向,收录原则是:(1)坚持"词"本位,兼收语义不透明的常用语块;(2)在单语素词与复合词常用度相当的情况下,优先收录单语素词。The study of this paper is mainly concerned with the fact that white some phrase are embodied in the word list of the Chinese Proficiency Test Syllabus, the common words that constitute these phrases are not （or not completely） embodied. Similarly, some monosyllabic words that can be freely used are not embodied in the list, yet the compound words that are formed by the free monosyllatic words are embodied. Such a trend that prefers big language unit to small ones is probably due to chunk teaching method or due to a belief that compound words could cover monosyllabic words. This paper suggests that a lexical syl- labus should not only pay more attention to small language units, but also give consideration to big language units as well. The principles of abstracting words are as follows： （1） taking word as the base of language units and embodying some common transparent semantic chunks~ （2） abstracting monomorphemic words first if the frequency of monomorphemic words and compound words is about equal.

关 键 词：新HSK 词汇大纲 收词取向 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]