哈尔滨市居民应急准备现状及影响因素分析  

Status of emergency preparedness and its influencing factors among residents in Harbin city

作　　者：李球杰[1] 郝艳华[1] 吴群红[1] 焦明丽[1] 梁立波[1] 宁宁[1] 康正[1] 尤佳[1] 张文娟[1] 韩松瀚 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院社会医学教研室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2015年第1期97-101,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71173064);黑龙江省教育科学规划课题(GBB 1212040);卫生行业科研专项基金(201002028)

摘　　要：目的了解黑龙江省哈尔滨市居民应对突发事件应急准备现状及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机整群抽样法,选取哈尔滨市年龄≥18岁符合条件的469名居民进行问卷调查。结果 469名居民应急准备测评总体平均分为(3.4±0.4)分,仅13.0%的居民做好了充分应急准备,其中年龄≥60岁、接受过应急教育或培训、风险意识、应急态度、应急知识技能平均分≥4分的居民应急准备状态相对较好,比例分别为96.7%、63.5%、22.2%、20.2%、10.7%(P<0.05);而男性、年龄≥60岁、已婚、职业为机关/企事业管理者、有应急经历和接受过应急教育或培训、应急认知、应急态度、应急知识技能平均分≥4分的居民应急物品储备率相对较高,比例分别为63.2%、86.7%、70.5%、85.3%、78.2%、62.8%、35.5%、22.5%、12.7%(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,哈尔滨市居民应急准备状态的影响因素为年龄(OR=2.112、3.454)、应急教育或培训(OR=2.340)、风险意识(OR=2.351)、应急态度(OR=2.216)、应急知识技能(OR=2.418);应急物品准备的影响因素为年龄(OR=2.462、9.389)、应急经历(OR=3.483)、应急态度(OR=1.681)、应急知识技能(OR=3.125)。结论哈尔滨市居民应急准备能力水平有待提高;年龄、风险意识、应急态度、应急知识与技能及是否有过应急教育或培训、应急经历是应急准备能力水平的主要影响因素,需要加强应急教育及训练。Objective To examine the status quo of emergency preparedness and its influencing factors among resi- dents in Harbin city of Heilongjiang province and to provide evidences for making effective strategies and intervention measures. Methods Totally 469 residents aged over 18 years in Harbin city were randomly selected with multi-stage cluster sampling and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey. Results The overall average score of emer- gency preparedness was 3.4 ± 0.4 and only 13.0% of the residents had prepared efficiently for possible emergencies. The residents with higher ratio of good preparedness for possible emergencies were those aged 60 years or older（96. 7%, P 〈 0. 05 ）, with emergency education or training experience（ 63.5 %, P 〈 0. 01 ）, with an average score of more than 4 for emergency knowledge and skill（ 22. 2% , P 〈 0. 05 ）, with correct attitude towards emergency （ 20. 2%, P 〈 0. 01 ）, and with better emergency knowledge and skills（ 10. 7% ,P 〈 0. 05 ） ;the residents with higher ratio of having material storage for emergency were those of male residents （ 63.2%, P 〈 0. 05 ）, aged 60 years or older （ 86. 7%, P 〈 0. 01 ）, married （70. 5% ,P 〈 0. 01 ）, working in enterprises or as institutions managers （85.3%, P 〈 0. 01 ）, with emergency experience （78.2 % , P 〈 0. 01 ）, having emergency education or training （62.8 %, P 〈 0. 05 ）, with an average score of more than 4 for emergency knowledge and skill （ 35.5 %, P 〈 0. 05 ）, with correct attitude towards emergency （ 22. 5 %, P 〈 0. 01 ）, and with better emergency knowledge and skills（ 12. 7% ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. Logistic regression analyses showed that the influencing factors of emergency preparedness were age（odds ratiol OR] = 2. 112 for aged 40 -59 years and 3. 454 for aged≥60 years）, emergency education or training experience （ OR = 2. 340 ）, risk awareness （ OR = 2. 351 ）, emergency attitude （ OR = 2. 216）, and emergency knowledge and ski

关 键 词：突发事件 应急准备 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193.2[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]