施肥结构对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响  

Effects of fertilization structures on soil fertility and rice growth in cold waterlogged paddy fields

作　　者：刘杰[1] 孙耿[1] 罗尊长[1] 肖小平[1] 瞿德明[2] 洪曦[1] 罗贤树 罗志勇 余崇祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]浏阳市土肥工作站,浏阳410300

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2015年第1期27-33,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003059-6);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05-3);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2014JJ6064)资助

摘　　要：冷浸田因长期受冷泉水浸渍,土体封闭,难以通气与氧化,土壤溶液Eh下降,有效养分低,水稻产量低。本研究通过田间小区试验和动态取样与室内测定,探求了单质化肥、稳定性肥、复合肥配施生鸡粪和熟鸡粪等施肥方式对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:与单质化肥处理比较,复合肥与熟鸡粪配施处理土壤松结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例提高10.8%,紧结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例降低15.5%,土壤有机质和活性有机质含量分别提高8.9%和4.0%,土壤阳离子交换量提高10.2%,早稻土壤细菌数和微生物活性分别提高390.0%和13.0%;同时土壤磷酸铝盐和磷酸钙盐含量分别提高40.0%和28.0%,且磷酸铝盐和磷酸钙盐占无机磷总量的比例提高,闭蓄态磷占无机磷总量的比例降低,促使土壤中难溶性磷向易溶性磷转化,提高土壤有效磷含量;最终早稻磷、钾吸收量分别提高14.0%和127.0%,早、晚稻产量分别增加11.0%和8.0%。由此得出,有机无机平衡施肥是适合于冷浸田土壤培肥、水稻增产的施肥方式。Studies have shown low soil oxidation reduction potential, soil available nutrients contents and rice yield in cold waterlogged paddy fields due to long-term flooding in cold spring. A field experiment along with laboratory analysis was conducted to determine the effects of improving soil fertility and rice growth by application of pure chemical fertilizers, stabilized compound fertilizers, combined compound fertilizer with chicken manure, and combined compound fertilizer with composted chicken manure. The results showed that compared with pure chemical fertilizer treatment, the application of combined compound fertilizer with composted chicken manure treatment effectively increased the contribution of loose humus by 10.8% while reduced the contribution of compact humus by 15.5%. Thus organic matter content and active organic matter content of the soils increased respectively by 8.9% and 4.0%. Also soil cation exchange capacity increased by 10.2%, while soil bacterium content and microorganism activity increased respectively by 390.0% and 13.0% during early rice growth season. At the same time, the application of combined compound fertilizer with composted chicken manure increased soil aluminum phosphate salt and calcium phosphate salt contents by 40.0% and 28.0%, respectively. While percent aluminum phosphate salt and calcium phosphate salt increased, percent occluded phosphorus decreased. Soil insoluble phosphate was transformed into soluble phosphorus, and soil available phosphorus content significantly increased. As absorbed phosphorus and potassium increased respectively by 14.0% and 127.0% during early rice growth season, early and late rice yields increased respectively by 11.0% and 8.0%. The application of combined compound fertilizer with＆amp;nbsp;composted chicken manure improved soil fertility, and thereby increased rice yield in cold waterlogged paddy fields.

关 键 词：冷浸田 施肥结构 有机无机平衡施肥 土壤肥力 水稻 

分 类 号：S156.8[农业科学—土壤学]