内蒙古野生长柄扁桃优良单株果实性状的遗传变异分析  

Genetic variation of fine individual plant's fruit characteristics of wild Amygdalus pcdunculata Pall in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：乌云塔娜[1] 包文泉[1] 左丝雨 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心,河南郑州450003 [2]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2014年第4期28-32,共5页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑项目"仁用杏和巴旦杏高效生产关键技术研究与示范"(2013BAD14B02)

摘　　要：为了研究内蒙古野生长柄扁桃重要性状的遗传变异及遗传多样性,对内蒙古长柄扁桃优良单株果实性状的变异程度、变异类型、果实性状与产量和出仁率之间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,长柄扁桃的单果质量、果长、果宽、长宽比、果径等数量性状均有较大变异,其中单果质量变异最大,变异系数达0.27,据此认为单果质量的选择潜力为最大;根据单果质量变异分为7个类型,即很小、小、较小、中、较大、大、很大果型;根据果长变异分为7个类型,即很短、短、较短、中、较长、长、很长果型;根据果宽分为6个类型,即很窄、窄、较窄、中、较宽、宽果型;根据长宽比变异分为4个类型,即较宽圆、中、较长圆、长圆果型;根据果径长变异分为5组,即较短、中、较长、长、很长果径型。长柄扁桃的果实性状与产量间无显著相关,果质量、宽及果径与出仁率呈极显著负相关,而果长宽比与出仁率呈显著相关,显著水平达到极显著正相关。这些结论可为野生长柄扁桃的资源评价及新品种选育提供理论依据和实践指导。In order to study the genetic variation and genetic diversity of important traits of wild Amygdalus pcdunculata Pall in Inner Mongolia, the correlation of yield and kernel rate with variation extent, variation form and characteristics of fine individual plants＇ fruit characteristics of wild A. pcdunculata Pall in Inner Mongolia were researched. The research showed that the quantitative characteristics of single fruit mass, length, width, length-width ratio and diameter in A. pcdunculata Pall had big variations. Single fruit mass had the biggest variations, and coefficient of variation was up to 0.27. So the single fruit mass had the biggest selection potential. Based on single fruit mass variation, the fruits could be divided into 7 groups, i.e. very small fruit, small fruit, smaller fruit, middle fruit, bigger fruit, big fruit, and very big fruit. Based on fruit length variation, they could be divided into 7 groups, i.e. minimal short fruit short fruit, shorter fruit, middle fruit, longer fruit, long fruit, and maximum long fruit. Based on fruit width variation, they could be divided into 6 groups, i.e. extremely narrow fruit, narrow fruit, narrower fruit, middle fruit, wider fruit, and wide fruit. Based on length-width ratio variation, they could be divided into 4 groups, i.e. wider round fruit, middle fruit, longer round fruit, and long round fruit. Based on fruit diameter variation, they could be divided into 5 groups, shorter diameter, middle diameter, longer diameter, long diameter, and extremely long diameter. Fruit characteristics in A. pcdunculata Pall had no significant correlation with yield, fruit mass, width, diameter had very significant negative correlation with kernel rate,and fruit length-width ratio had very significant positive correlation with kernel rate. The conclusion can offer a theoretical basis and practice instruction for resources evaluation and breeding of new varieties of wild A. pcdunculata Pall.

关 键 词：长柄扁桃 果实性状 优良单株 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]