安徽新安江流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及空间分异特征  

Assessment and spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion sensitivity in the Xin'anjiang river basin,Anhui Province

作　　者：张乃夫[1] 刘霞[2] 朱继鹏 张光灿[1] 张荣华[1] 杨韶洋 王静[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省土壤侵蚀与生态修复重点实验室,山东农业大学林学院水土保持系,山东泰安271018 [2]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [3]安徽省水土保持监测总站,合肥230000

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第6期8-15,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：安徽省水土保持监测总站"新安江流域安徽片水土流失遥感调查"(SY-ST-2011)

摘　　要：新安江流域既是国家级水土流失重点预防保护区,也是重要的饮用水源保护区,在区域生态安全中发挥着重要的功能和作用。以通用土壤流失方程(USLE)为理论依据,根据《生态功能区划技术暂行规程》,探讨降雨、土壤、地形、植被等因子对安徽新安江流域土壤侵蚀敏感性的影响,基于GIS空间分析功能进行因子叠加运算,综合分析评价区域土壤侵蚀敏感性及空间分异特征。结果表明:1)安徽新安江流域土壤侵蚀敏感性分为不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感和极敏感5个等级,其中,轻度敏感面积最大,占流域总面积的47.77%,中度敏感面积次之,占流域总面积的32.92%,高度及以上敏感面积较小,仅占流域总面积的5.39%;2)空间分布上,土壤侵蚀敏感性由中部平原区向周边中低山区逐渐增强,其中,敏感性较高的区域主要分布在徽州区北部、休宁县西南部、歙县东部及西北部、绩溪县东部的大起伏丘陵和中低山区;3)土壤侵蚀敏感性与土壤侵蚀现状具有较高的一致性,土壤侵蚀多发生在土壤侵蚀敏感性较高的地区,但歙县东部、休宁县南部的山丘区等区域由于人为因素的影响存在一定的差异。The Xin＇anjiang river basin in Anhui Province as a national key prevention and control area of soil and water loss,as well as a key protection area of drinking water in China,plays an important role in regional ecological security. Based on the universal soil loss equation（ USLE） and in accordance with the Interim Regulations of Ecological Function Zoning, the influence of rainfall, soil, topography and vegetation on soil erosion sensitivity was explored in the Xin＇ anjiang river basin. On basis of the abovementioned data,we applied the factors appraisal method to assess soil erosion sensitivity and spatial heterogeneity. Results showed that： 1） In the Xin＇anjiang river basin,the soil erosion sensitivity can be divided into five levels,i. e. insensitive,slightly sensitive,moderately sensitive,strongly sensitive and extremely sensitive. Slightly sensitive area is the largest,accounting for 47. 77% of the total area,followed by moderately sensitive area,32. 92%; strongly and extremely sensitive areas are much smaller,only 5. 39% together. 2） In terms of spatial distribution,the sensitivity increases from the plains to thelow mountains,and the highly sensitive areas are mainly in large undulating hills and low mountains,such as northern Huizhou district,southwestern Xiuning County,eastern and northwestern She County,and eastern Jixi County. 3） The distribution of soil erosion sensitivity is consistent with that of the soil erosion situation. The highly sensitive regions always suffer serious soil erosion in majority of the sample areas,except in some areas such as eastern She County and southern Xiuning County where some differences exist due to the impact of human factors.

关 键 词：通用土壤流失方程 土壤侵蚀 敏感性评价 安徽新安江流域 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]