基于DSSAT模型的春玉米水肥效应——以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区为例  

Water-fertilizer effect on Zea mays based on the DSSAT model:A case study in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：邹龙[1,2] 冯浩[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第6期97-104,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家863计划课题"作物生境过程模拟与动态优化决策技术"(2013AA102904)

摘　　要：在完成模型调试的基础上,设定一系列的施肥和灌溉情景(N1、N2、N3、N4、N5,分别表示纯氮施用量100、200、300、400、500 kg/hm2;M0、M1、M2、M3,分别表示有机肥料施用量为0、7 500、15 000、22 500 kg/hm2;I0、Ib、Ik、Ig,分别表示不灌溉,在春玉米拔节期、开花期、灌浆期分别灌水50 mm),利用DSSAT模型在平水年2005年的光照、气温、降雨等条件下模拟不同情景下春玉米的生长情况。结果表明:1)在雨养条件(不进行灌水处理,生育期水分全部由降雨补充)下,可以在控制氮用量的同时通过增施有机肥料来弥补由于少使用氮肥而带来的产量损失;2)M1N4处理(7 500 kg/hm2的有机肥、400 kg/hm2的纯氮处理)和M2N3处理(15 000 kg/hm2的有机肥、300 kg/hm2的纯氮处理)下,春玉米产量前者为14 313 kg/hm2,后者为14 711 kg/hm2,生物量前者为24 803 kg/hm2,后者为24 349kg/hm2,N的产量生产率前者为40.8 kg/kg,后者为41.1 kg/kg,N的干物质生产率前者为70.7 kg/kg,后者为70.4kg/kg,均相差不大,且处于较高水平;3)在模拟灌溉条件下,肥料用量较小时,灌水对春玉米产量影响不大,此时产量的限制因素可能是肥料,肥料用量较大时,灌水的增产效果很明显,尤其在灌浆期,保证玉米水分供应对产量有着重要的意义。After model debugging,we designed a series of fertilizer andirrigation conditions as follows：N1,N2,N3,N4 and N5 mean the dose of pure nitrogen of 100,200,300,400 and 500 kg / hm2,respectively; M0,M1,M2 and M3 represent the amount of organic fertilizer of 0,7 500,15 000 and22 500 kg / hm2,respectively; I0 represents no irrigation,Ib,Ik and Ig mean 50 mm water irrigated at the jointing stage,flowering period and grain-filling stage of Zea mays,respectively. Then the DSSAT model was used to simulate the growth situation of Z. mays with different water-fertilizer regimes under the conditions of light,temperature and rainfall in 2005. The results show that： 1） In the rain-fed conditions（ no irrigation during the growth of Z. mays with the water depending on rainfall） with limited amount of N,the yield loss caused by the lack of N can be compensated by increasing the use of organic fertilizer;2） Under the conditions of M1N4 treatment（ the amounts of organic fertilizer and pure nitrogen were7 500 and 400 kg / hm2,respectively） and M2N3 treatment（ the amounts of organic fertilizer and pure nitrogen were 15 000 and 300 kg / hm2,respectively）,no significant variations were observed in the yield of Z. mays： that of the former treatment was 14 313 kg / hm2 and that of the latter 14 711 kg / hm2,biomass of the former was 24 803 kg / hm2 and the latter 24 349 kg / hm2,yield productivities of N of the former was 40. 8 kg / kg and the latter 41. 1 kg / kg,and dry matter productivity of N of the former was70. 7 kg / kg and the latter 70. 4 kg / kg. And all of them were at a high level. 3） Under the situation of simulated irrigation with a small amount of fertilizer,irrigation had little effect on Z. mays yield,indicating that the yield-limiting factor in this case may be fertilizer; when treated with a large amount of fertilizer,irrigation increased yield obviously,which is of important significance for productivity by ensuring water supply at the grain-filling stage.

关 键 词：DSSAT模型 春玉米 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S147.22[农业科学—肥料学]