红壤旱地施用微孔肥对花生产量和养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Microporous Fertilizer Application on Peanut Yield and Nutrient Absorption in Red Soil Dryland

作　　者：胡惠文[1] 李钟平[1] 柳开楼[1] 叶会财[1] 徐小林[1] 周利军[1] 王赛莲[1] 夏桂龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌330046 [2]江西省邓家埠水稻原种场,江西余江335200

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2015年第1期21-23,共3页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江西省科技支撑计划资助(20141BBF60050);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助(201203030和201003016);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)子课题经费资助(2011CB100501-S06)

摘　　要：以一种富含钾硅钙的微孔肥为研究对象，于2012和2013年设置了不同用量微孔肥的田间试验，分析了不同微孔肥施用量对花生产量、秸秆和籽粒养分的影响，结果表明：微孔肥可以显著提高花生产量，且花生产量随微孔肥的用量增加而增加。与CK相比，ML（600 kg／hm2）、MM（900 kg／hm2）和MH（1200 kg／hm2）处理的花生产量比不施肥增加27．0％～79．25％，比K0处理（施化肥）增加8．9％～53．2％。连续2年的养分分析显示微孔肥可以显著提高花生籽粒和秸秆的养分含量，且微孔肥的用量越高，花生秸秆和籽粒中的氮、磷、钾、硅和钙的含量越高，在2012年，微孔肥处理的秸秆氮、磷、钾、钙和硅含量分别比CK增加51．8％～80．8％、39．6％～45．2％、174．7％～216．8％、34．5％～58．2％和16．3％～34．4％，比K0分别增加46．3％～74．3％、35．2％～40．6％、34．8％～55．4％、17．5％～38．1％和10．4％～27．6％。2013年的结果与2012年基本一致。在花生籽粒中，微孔肥处理的籽粒氮、磷、钾、钙和硅含量均显著高于CK处理，但与K0相比，除了籽粒的磷含量没有显著增加之外，其余养分均显著提高。结果表明：微孔肥是提高红壤旱地花生产量和植株养分吸收能力的重要途径，且用量越高，增产效果越好。A kind of microporous fertilizer containing rich potassium, calcium and silicon was used as research object, and the effects of different application rates of microporous fertilizer on the yield and nutrient absorption of peanut were studied through red soil field experiments from 2012 to 2013.The results showed that applying microporous fertilizer could increase peanut yield signifi-cantly , and peanut yield increased with the increase in the application rate of microporous fertilizer.In comparison with CK （ not ap-plying fertilizer） , the treatments ML （ 600 kg/hm2 ） , MM （ 900 kg/hm2 ） and MH （ 1200 kg/hm2 ） increased peanut yield by 27.0%~79.25%;these treatments also obtained 8.9%~53.2%higher peanut yield than treatment K0 （applying chemical fertil-izer） .The analysis of nutrient for continuous 2 years revealed that applying microporous fertilizer could significantly enhance the nu-trient content in the seed and stalk of peanut, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and calcium in the stalk and seed of peanut increased when the application rate of microporous fertilizer increased.In 2012, the content of nitrogen, phos-phorus, potassium, calcium and silicon in the stalk in microporous fertilizer treatment was respectively 51.8%~80.8%, 39.6%~45.2%, 174.7%~216.8%, 34.5%~58.2%and 16.3%~34.4% higher than that in CK, and 46.3%~74.3%, 35.2%~40.6%, 34.8%~55.4%, 17.5%~38.1%and 10.4%~27.6%higher than that in K0.The results in the year 2013 were simi-lar to those in the year 2012.The microporous fertilizer treatment obtained significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and silicon contents in peanut seed than CK, and significantly higher nitrogen, potassium, calcium and silicon contents in peanut seed than K0.The above results indicated that the application of microporous fertilizer was an important way to enhance the yield and nutrient absorption ability of peanut in red soil dryland, and the higher its application rate, the better its yield-increasing effect.

关 键 词：红壤 花生 产量 微孔肥 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]