坡耕地治理措施及其组合对水土环境及养分流失的影响  

Impacts of Slopping Farm- land Management Mesures and their Combination on Soil and Water Environment and Nutrient Loss

作　　者：柴宇[1,2] 魏永霞[1,2] 张宝丽 白杨[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与建筑学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省高校节水农业重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江农垦北安分局红星农场水务局,黑龙江北安164000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2015年第1期177-182,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD88B01);东北农业大学博士基金项目(2010RCB65);国家农业综合开发东北黑土区水土流失综合治理项目(2011-2013)

摘　　要：针对松嫩平原漫岗黑土区坡耕地严重的水土流失问题,以深松、秸秆还田、垄向区田3项耕作技术和鼠道、暗管2种工程技术为核心,并将其有机组合形成了4个坡耕地治理技术集成模式,于2011-2012年,以黑龙江省农垦北安分局红星农场3°坡耕地为研究对象,对天然降雨条件下的降雨产流及产沙过程进行了试验研究,并分析了不同技术模式下玉米生育期内的土壤侵蚀与养分流失特征。结果表明,各单项措施及其组合对水土环境及养分流失均有不同程度的影响,其中"鼠洞+暗管+垄向区田"组合模式效果最好。与常规耕作相比,地表径流量、土壤侵蚀量分别减少了71.27mm和11.839t/(hm2·a),其有机质、碱解N、速效P、速效K流失量分别占常规耕作的0.16%、0.14%、0.04%、0.04%。Aming at the serious problems in soil and water loss of slopping farmland in gentle hilly black soil region of song-hen plain, took 3 tillage measures including deep lossing, straw returning and furrow damming and 2 engineering measures of mole drain and pipe drain. And combined them each other oganicly into 4 comprehensive technique models. Took the slopping farmland with 3 of slope gradient in Hongxing farm of the Beian sub-bureau of Heilongjiang Reclama- tion as the research object, from 2011 to 2012, the experiments of rainfall runoff, sediment under the condition of natural rainfall has been conducted, and analysed the characteristics of soil erosion and nutrient loss under different modes during the period of maize growth. Results showed that four comprehensive modes had positive effects both on water and soil en- vironment and nutrient loss control. Among which the mode of SAQ （ the combination of mole drain, pipe drain and fur- row damming） was the best. Compared to the conventional tillage treatent, the surface runoff and soil erosion of SAQ de- clined to 71.27ram and 11. 839 （ t/hm2 ） respectively. The ratioes of the organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis N, Olsen-P, Olsen-K loss account for 0.16% , 0.14% , 0.04% and 0,04% of the conventional tillage respectively.

关 键 词：丘陵漫岗黑土区 坡耕地 天然降雨 水土保持措施 径流 土壤侵蚀 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]