社区增权:实现社区参与旅游发展的有效路径  

Community Empowerment:An Effective Way to Realize Community's Involvement in Tourism Development

作　　者：潘植强 梁保尔[1] 吴玉海[1] 林琰[1] 曹婷婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学旅游学院,上海200234

出　　处：《旅游论坛》2014年第6期43-49,共7页Tourism Forum

基　　金：上海市教委科研创新重点项目<世界遗产视野中的上海历史街区旅游功能优化研究>(12ZS195)

摘　　要：在社区参与过程中,由制度增权所带来的权力不会简单地被赋予或移交给社区,社区的权利和主张只有通过自身力量才能转化为权力。因此,通过制度增权——即外部增权而获取的土地所有权、旅游吸引物权等权利,只有通过自主增权——即内部增权才能得以保障和实现。基于社区参与理论在旅游实践中所遭遇的困境,尝试突破外部制度增权的研究局限,侧重通过外部制度增权与内部自主增权相结合的方式探讨实现社区增权的有效途径。在旅游发展实践中,只有将制度增权和自主增权兼收并蓄,使社区参与的旅游发展模式向更有效的社区主导旅游发展模式转变,真正意义上的社区增权才有可能实现。During the process of community involvement and participation,power derived from institutional provision-type empowerment cannot be easily handed over to the community.Thus rights and voices of community can only be transformed to power with their own efforts.As a result,rights such as land ownership and tourism attraction property,which are given by institu-tional provision-type empowerment can only be guaranteed and achieved by self-empowerment,which is also described as empowerment from the Internal.Owing to the vague system,deficient in information and lack of conscious and capability,most of the profits produced by the development of tourism run off from the local community.On the basis of this dilemma that commu-nity involvement theory met,this paper tries to break through limitations of institutional provision-type empowerment.Instead, we put emphasis on the idea of combining institutional provision-type empowerment and self- empowerment together,to explore better ways for tourism community empowerment.In this paper,we hold that,in the practice of tourism development when combining the two ways of empowerment together,community involvement and participation can transfer to more effective modes led by community.As a consequence,the community can truly achieve her rights.

关 键 词：增权 社区参与 社区主导 旅游 

分 类 号：F592[经济管理—旅游管理]