基于MIKE11的堰塞坝溃决过程数值模拟  

Simulation of the barrier dam breaching process based on MIKE 11

作　　者：周兴波[1,2] 陈祖煜[2] 陈淑婧 李守义[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044 [3]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100022

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第6期23-27,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2013CB036403)

摘　　要：堰塞坝溃决过程数值模拟结果主要取决于水流模型、溃口展宽和溃口泥沙侵蚀。阐述了堰塞坝溃决的基本原理,依托于资料完整的唐家山堰塞坝溃决过程,使用MIKE 11模拟了其溃决洪水流量过程、溃口展宽、侵蚀流速及溃口底高程的冲刷过程,模拟结果均与实测资料接近。通过参数敏感性分析发现,溃口初始宽度和筑坝材料孔隙比对结果影响较大,坝体上下游坡比对结果影响较小,验证了基于物理机制模型的MIKE11在溃坝洪水过程数值模拟中的合理性和稳定性。模拟结果表明,Englund-Hansen泥沙侵蚀方程适用于孔隙比约为0.4、粒径2~8 mm的砂砾石。The present paper is to introduce the basal principle and mechanism of barrier dam breaching process by taking the Tangji- ashan Barrier Lake that formed in the Wenchuan earthquake （Mw 8.0） and recorded completely as a case sample. In this paper, we have made a very conscientious simulation of the dam breach flood process, the initial width of the breach development, the velocity of the sediment migration and transfer, the variation of the bottom elevation of the breach erosion by the MIKE 11 model. The results of the barrier dam breaching process simulation depend on the water flow model, the breach width development model and the sediment transpert model. Comparing the results, we can find that the simulated re- sults of Tangjiashan Barrier Dam are consistent with the field measured data. In order to check the stability and the rationality of the MIKE 11 model that is based on the physical mechanical model, a large number of sensitivity studies are done in this paper. The results show that the MIKE 11 model is rational and valuable. The simulation also helps to make clear that the initial breach width and the void of dam material are likely to have great effects on the peak discharge of dam break, but the slope of dam on the upstream and downstream are insensitive for the simulated results comparing the initial width and the void of dam material. The Engelund-Hansen sediment transport formula depended on the parameters of dam type and dam material such as the average particle size, the material void and so on. The results of simulation prove that the Engelund-Hansen sediment trans- port formula is suitable for the void approximately within the limit of 0.4 and the grain diameter of 2 - 8 mm. This case can be used for the numerical calculation of similar barrier dam breach and the emergency disposal.

关 键 词：安全工程 堰塞坝溃决 MIKE 11 DB 溃坝流量 溃口展宽 

分 类 号：X915.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TV698[水利工程—水利水电工程]