TATB炸药废水序批式生物处理工艺研究  

Biodegradation of explosive sewage containing1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitro-benzene using SBR

作　　者：雷英春[1,2] 王永涛[3] 王晶禹[2] 李保军 薛水平 任慧[6] 

机构地区：[1]太原工业学院环境与安全工程系,太原030008 [2]中北大学化工与环境学院,太原030051 [3]西安北方惠安化学工业有限公司,西安710302 [4]中国兵器工业卫生研究所,西安710065 [5]晋西机器工业集团公司,太原030027 [6]北京理工大学机电学院,北京100081

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第6期169-173,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：采用好氧序批式生物反应（SBR）工艺,经过接种、驯化后,对TATB废水生物降解规律进行研究。通过单因素试验,探索了进水CODCr、曝气时间、温度、p H值等因素对废水CODCr去除率的影响规律,确定了正交试验的各因素水平,进而设计正交试验,研究TATB生物降解的最佳条件。结果表明,除温度外,各因素对CODCr去除率的影响均存在峰值点,进水CODCr对CODCr去除率的影响最明显。进水TATB质量浓度（以CODCr计）为800 mg/L时,有机负荷约为0.48kg BOD/（kg MLSS·d）,满足间歇出水循环延时曝气系统（ICEAS,一种改良的SBR）活性污泥法所要求的经验值0.4~0.5kg BOD/（kg MLSS·d）;高于800 mg/L时,高质量浓度TATB的毒性及较高的负荷均对微生物有抑制作用。在静置40 min后,合适的曝气时间为40 min,曝气时间太短使微生物无法充分利用有机物,太长则使微生物进入内源呼吸期,导致微生物量减少,破坏处理条件,甚至导致丝状菌膨胀,出水恶化。—NH2基团为供电子基,酸性条件下,使苯环上的电子云密度增大,表现出更好的可降解性,抵消—NO2的抑制作用。因此p H=6.0时,CODCr去除率较高。综合考虑实际处理条件,水温以18~35℃为宜。最佳处理条件时CODCr去除率为89.08%。This article takes it as a target to improve the method for biodegrading the sewage left-over by the explosive production, which looks yellow and contains TATB, low toxity and turbidity. In general, the sewage has to be biodegraded with the acclimated microbes under well-designed conditions in a sequencing bathed reactor （SBR） where the treatment involves such factors, as CODer concentration of the influent, the aeration time, the ambient temperature and the pH values. In this paper, we have done single factor tests followed by the orthogonal testing demands. The results of our tests show that when the CODer of the influent is 800 mg/L, the removing rate is expected to reach its peak value. In a similar way, when the aeration operation lasts 40min at the pH value of 6.0, the removing rate can also be expected to arrive at its peak value. What is more, with the further increase of the temperature, it would be possible for the SBR to demonstrate its own particular characteristic behaviors. The microbes under high temperatures will be activating and in turn leading to higher removal rate of the CODer, which serves as the predominant parameter due to its statistical significance. And, then, when the TATB concentration of the int3uent （calculated in CODer） reaches 800 mg/L, the organic load in the influent is surely to go up to 0.48 kg BOD/（kg MLSS d） or so, a condition that can be said to satisfy the demand of the intermittent cyclic extended aeration system （ICEAS, a modified SBR）. At this point, the empirical experience would tell us that the organic load of ICEAS has to be carefully controlled within the range from 0.4 kg BOD/（kg MLSS d） to 0.5 kg BOD/（kg MLSS d）. Otherwise, the microbes may be hindered by not only the toxity of TATB, but also the overload of the organic substrates in the case of greater TATB strength. And, by then, the sewage should be settled down for about 40 min till the nitro-aromatic compounds can be made sure hydrolyzed after being fed. In this paper, we have chosen

关 键 词：环境工程学 SBR TATB废水 CODCR去除率 正交试验 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]