黄河泥沙变化研究现状与问题  

Progress and Discussion on Sediment Load Variation Research of the Yellow River

作　　者：穆兴民[1,2] 王万忠[1,2] 高鹏[1,2] 赵广举[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中水国利科学院部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2014年第12期1-7,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-04-03);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41271295,41371277)

摘　　要：泥沙问题在黄河研究及其各类规划中占有不可或缺的重要地位。基于水文站资料,对黄河及其支流泥沙的时间和空间变化规律已有较清晰的结论,明确了其泥沙变化是气候(降雨)及人类活动综合作用的结果,人类活动是20世纪70年代特别是进入21世纪以来黄河泥沙减少的主要原因。20世纪黄河泥沙减少主要是由于水利水保工程的拦蓄作用,21世纪以来的减少主要为规模化恢复植被的坡面阻控作用。由于各项水土保持措施及其耦合对泥沙的作用机理和过程研究不够深入,因此目前的水土保持措施减沙研究方法缺乏理论支撑,基础资料质量不高,以及气候和人类活动的不确定性等,导致水保法等对各项措施减沙现状分析及未来预测结果难以令人信服,直接影响黄河治理决策。建议集中科研力量,对典型流域开展"解剖麻雀"的方式,系统研究,构建科学方法,深刻认识气候及水土保持措施、开发建设等人类活动对河流水沙的影响。Sediment load is a key issue on the research of the Yellow River,which is a response to soil erosion and control measures in the Loess Plateau. The sediment temporal and spatial variations in the Yellow River and its tributaries had been clear based on the data of hydrological sta-tions. Climate （precipitation）and human activity were the main driving factors affecting the sediment changes in the Yellow River. The Yellow River sediment reduction was mainly due to the impounding by the soil and water conservation and construction of water projects in the second half of the 20th Century,but the reason changed since the 21st century,the large-scale slope vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation be-came the main driving factors. At present,the sediment research results of the Yellow River were uneven and difficult to reach an agreement. Main-ly because mechanism of sediment reduction by the soil and water conservation measures was not deep enough,the method lacked theoretical sup-port,basic data quality was not high,as well as climate and human activities uncertainty. We propose to study the typical watershed comprehen-sively,construct the scientific methods and deeply study the impact of climate,soil and water conservation measures and human activities on river water and sediment changes.

关 键 词：泥沙 驱动因素 水土保持 气候 黄河 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] TV882.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]