深松对土壤特性及玉米产量的影响(英文)  

Effects of sub-soiling on soil physical quality and corn yield

作　　者：李霞[1] 汤明军[1] 张东兴[2] 王维新[1] 崔涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,石河子832000 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第23期65-69,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51365050);National Corn Modern Industrial Technology System Construction Project of China(CARS-02);Talent Project of Shihezi University(No.RCZX201307);Project of Southern Xinjiang(No.2014BA058)

摘　　要：土壤压实和缺水成为制约华北平原作物产量的2个重要因素,为了提高半干旱地区旱地对自然降水的利用率,打破犁底层,达到节约用水、提高作物产量的目的,该文于2011年至2013年,在济宁进行了深松和当地旋耕2种耕作方式对土壤物理性质和玉米产量影响的试验研究。试验采用随机化完全区组设计,并采用方差分析评价不同耕作方式的耕作效果。试验结果表明,除了表层土（0~15 cm）,在作物的所有生长时期,深松耕作下的土壤容重和紧实度明显小于旋耕,尤其是玉米吐丝期。另外,在玉米吐丝期,深松下的25~35 cm土层含水量比旋耕高出9.45%（2012年）和8.64%（2013年）。深松能显著提高玉米产量达6.08%~7.23%,但2种耕作方式对玉米的千粒质量影响相差不大。该研究对为华北平原提供一种更可持续的耕作方式—深松耕作具有重要意义。Soil compaction and water scarcity are two major issues concerning agricultural production in North China Plain. In order to increase the utilization of natural rainfall in the dry farmland in the semi- arid area, break up plough pan, achieve the purpose of water conservation and increase the crop production. The effects of two treatments, i.e. sub-soiling and local rotary tillage on soil physical properties and yield of maize were compared in Jining from 2011 to 2013. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block and ANOVA was used to assess the treatment effects. The results showed that： Except the surface soil layer（0-15 cm）, the values of soil bulk density and penetration resistance are significantly（P〈0.05） lower than those of rotary tillage during all growth period, especially during silking stage. What＇s more, the values of water content of sub-soiling at 25-35 cm soil layer were significantly（P〈0.05） higher than those of rotary tillage by 9.45%（2012） and 8.64%（2013） during siliking stage. However, maize yield is significantly（P〈0.05） increased by 6.08%-7.23% while the effect of thousand seed mass is closing between two treatments. In conclusion, this experiment has important value in extending sub-soiling management practices which may be a more sustainable approach to farming in North China Plain.

关 键 词：土壤 作物 耕种 容重 坚实度 含水量 产量 

分 类 号：S225.912[农业科学—农业机械化工程]