不同国家在“保护的责任”适用问题上的立场分析  

The Diverse Positions of Different Countries on the Application of "Responsibility to Protect" :A Preliminary Explanation

作　　者：曾向红[1,2] 王慧婷[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学中亚研究所 [2]兰州大学管理学院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2015年第1期61-89,157-158,共29页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目"中东国家的社会变迁与社会运动"(项目批准号:13XGJ001)的资助;2013年兰州大学"本科教学工程"校级大学生创新创业训练计划("保护的责任在叙利亚问题上的适应性--基于利比亚的经验")的结项论文

摘　　要：2005年9月,《2005年世界首脑会议成果》文件签署,标志着"保护的责任"这一理念得到了世界上大多数国家的认可。但是在具体实践中,各国对"保护的责任"立场并不相同。针对这种现象,作者认为,世界各国对于"保护的责任"适用时的立场,主要受到各国与美国的战略互信程度和美国对该国人权状况的认定两个因素的影响。基于此,世界各国对"保护的责任"的适用可区分为四种态度:支持、选择性支持、警惕、反对。通过运用案例分析和比较研究方法,作者在检验世界各国应对西方将"保护的责任"适用于利比亚的过程中确证了上述观点。明确世界各国对"保护的责任"的适用做出不同反应的深层原因,可为人们把握"保护的责任"的适用的发展方向提供一些启示,如国际社会对"保护的责任"这一理念的接受并不意味着对该理念适用的支持,目前"保护的责任"仍未上升为一种正式的国际规范,地区性国际组织所持的立场对国际社会如何应对"保护的责任"的适用有一定影响等。Since signing the document of '2005 World Summit Outcome' in September 2005,the concept of 'Responsibility to Protect'(R2P) has been recognized by more than 150 countries.However,in practice,countries vary toward the application of this concept.To explain this phenomenon,the authors argue that the variations of positions are mainly influenced by two factors,which are the levels of strategic trust between the signatory and the U.S.,and the assessment of its human rights situation by the U.S..Based on these two factors,the positions of different countries on the application of R2 P could be classified into four types:support,selective support,vigilant,and objection.By employing the methods of case study and comparative study,the authors examine different countries' response to the application of R2 P into Libya by the Western world as verification of the above assumption.The authors conclude that by revealing the deeper factors of their different positions on the application of R2 P,some implications could be gained.For example,the general acceptance of this concept doesn't equal support for its application.By now the R2 P has yet not become an international norm,and the attitudes of regional organizations bear significant influences on the signatory's position on the application of R2 P.

关 键 词：“保护的责任” 国际干预 战略互信 人权状况 干预利比亚 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]