冷战下中西史家的首次接触:1955年莱顿汉学会议试探  

The First Contact between Chinese and Western Historians in the Cold War: a Probe into the Leiden Conference on Sinology

作　　者：陈怀宇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]美国亚利桑那州立大学历史哲学宗教学院 [2]美国亚利桑那州立大学国际语言文化学院

出　　处：《文史哲》2015年第1期69-84,166,共16页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：1955年在荷兰莱顿召开了第八次西欧青年汉学家会议,新中国应邀派出翦伯赞、周一良两先生参加。这是冷战开始之后,新中国史学工作者第一次与西方学者直接接触。翦伯赞不仅与秦瑞、谢诺等西欧共产主义学者在会上进行了交流,也对牟复礼等与会的美国学者表现得比较友好。会议着重讨论了中国历史分期问题、中国的学术自由问题、中国的人口问题、中国历史由谁来书写等问题。中国学者主张用马克思主义历史唯物论对中国历史进行分期,费正清认为中国存在着潜在的人口问题。西方学者在会议期间的讨论中也提出了一些带有政治色彩的争论,他们批评中国存在学术不自由的问题,并担心马列学者可能会将在历史上起过较大作用的胡适等人排除在中国历史书写对象之外。翦伯赞和周一良显然对这些问题主要站在政策性立场上进行了坚决反击。揭示莱顿汉学会议作为冷战后东西方学者第一次实际接触的重要性,可以为了解冷战学术史上政治和学术之间相互影响的丰富性和复杂性提供一个鲜明的个案研究。In 1955,the Eighth Conference of Young Western European Sinologues was held in Leiden,the Netherlands.Newly founded People's Republic of China dispatched Jian Bozan and Zhou Yiliang to participate this conference on invitation.It was the first time for the historians from New China to have direct contact with the Western Sinologists.During the meeting,Jian Bozan not only exchanged ideas with Western European communist scholars such as John Chinnery and Jean Chesneaux,but also developed deep friendships with American scholars including Frederick Mote.This conference discussed the periodization of Chinese history,the academic freedom in China,the population issue in China,and the issue of who would write Chinese history.Chinese scholars argued that the periodization of Chinese history should be based on Marxist Materialism.John Fairbank was concerned with the population problem in China.During the conference the Western scholars raised some questions with political and ideological implications.They questioned the academic freedom in China and became concerned that Hu Shi,who played a crucial role,might be excluded from history books.Jian Bozan and Zhou Yiliang responded to these criticisms by following Marxist policy.This paper reveals that the Leiden conference was very important in terms of the direct contact between Chinese and Western scholars.This conference served as an interesting case for understanding the richness and complexity of politicians and academics during the Cold War.

关 键 词：翦伯赞 周一良 西欧青年汉学家会议 莱顿 冷战学术 牟复礼 费正清 杨联陞 

分 类 号：K09[历史地理—历史学]