70岁以上高龄老年人健康体适能特征及增龄变化研究  

A Study of Health Fitness Characteristics and Their Changes with the Age for the Eldly People over 70 Years

作　　者：王红雨[1,2] 张林[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州215021 [2]蚌埠医学院体育艺术部,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2015年第1期121-126,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金资助项目(13YJA890035);江苏省研究生创新计划工程(CXZZ12-0788)

摘　　要：目的：分析我国高龄老年人健康体适能的特征及增龄变化。方法：采用问卷调查法筛选352名70岁以上高龄老年人（78.8±5.9）岁,按年龄分为70-74岁组、75-79岁组、80-84岁组和85岁以上组,采用Rikli制定的功能性体适能测试指标和我国国民体质测试老年组部分测试指标进行健康体适能测试。结果：女性BMI均值高于男性,柔韧适能好于男性,男性肌力适能、心肺适能、平衡能力好于女性;不同年龄组高龄老人BMI值差异不具有显著性,且没有随年龄增长表现出规律性变化,其余指标均随年龄增长出现下降趋势,其中,75-79岁组与80-84岁组比较,柔韧适能、肌力适能、心肺适能变化率最大,80-84岁组和85岁以上组比较,平衡能力变化率最大,除70-74岁与75-79岁组外,其余各组差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：70岁以上高龄老人健康体适能水平随年龄增长呈现下降趋势,尤其是80-84岁组的高龄老人下降速度最快,采用美国功能性体适能常模标准进行评价,我国同龄老人健康体适能水平低于常模推荐量。Objective ：To investigate physical fitness characteristics and their changes with the age of the elderly people .Methods ：Questionnaires were used to screen 352 eldly people（78 .8 ± 5 .9） over 70 years .They were divided into four groups according to their ages to test phys-ical fitness ,including 70-74 years old group ,75-79 years old group ,80-84 years old and over 85 years old group .Rikli physical fitness index and China national physique testing stand-ards for senior citizens are applied in the physical fitness test .Results ：female excelled male In BMI index and flexibility .male surpassed female in muscle strength ,cardiopulmonary and bal-ance ability indexes .BMI index of the elderly people not only differ insignificantly in different age groups ,but they also showed no regular change with the age .Besides ,the flexibility , strength ,cardiopulmonary ,balance ability have a declining trend along with the age increase . Comparing to the 80-84 age group ,75- 79 age group showed maximam change in flexibil-ity ,strength and cardiopulmonary .Comparing to the ＆gt; 85 age group ,80 - 84 age group showed maximam change in balance ability .Except the 70 - 74 and 75 - 79 age groups ,the rest of the groups have a statistical significance in variation （P〈0 .05） .Conclusion ：The over-all fitness level showed a declining trend with age ,and the elderly health fitness levels fell sharply at the age of 80-84 years .The comparisons with the functional fitness normal of the United States suggests that the health fitness of the elderly in China is on a low level .

关 键 词：老年人 体适能 肌力 平衡 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]