激励结构冲突、历史机遇与制度变革——美国依托大学建立国家实验室的启示  

The Enlightenment from Developing National Laboratories in Universities in the U.S.

作　　者：黄振羽[1] 丁云龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2015年第2期30-34,共5页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：哈尔滨工业大学"大科学设施专项预研课题"(AUEA5760000511)

摘　　要：通过对美国"依托大学建立国家实验室"模式的考察,指出美国大学与国家实验室之间因激励结构互不相容而存在制度冲突,这种模式得以建立的原因在于第二次世界大战和冷战时期的独特历史机遇。进入常规经济发展阶段后,这种模式开始面临管理绩效问题,美国目前正在尝试探索和建立"桥接机制"以衔接这两种不同的制度。揭示这种制度变革趋势,能够为中国依托大学建立国家实验室的政策实施带来一定启示。By studying the American mode of developing national laboratories in universities, it is argued that there are in- stitutional conflicts in this mode because of Incentive structural incompatibility. The reason that this mode can be construc- ted is the unique historical opportunities,which are the Second World War and the Cold War. When entering the normal developing phase, management performance problems had fallen to the American mode. To solve these problems, explo- ring and building ＂the bridge mechanisms＂ between universities and national labs are the main institutional change trend of the U. S.. It is believed that the analysis of this trend can provide the enlightenment for China to implement the policy of developing the national labs in universities.

关 键 词：大学国家实验室 激励结构 历史机遇 制度变革 

分 类 号：G322.2[文化科学]