科技投入对国家创新能力的提升机制研究  

The research on the mechanism to enhance the national innovation capacity through S&T input

作　　者：张治河[1,2] 冯陈澄 李斌[1] 华瑛[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际商学院,陕西西安710062 [2]清华大学技术创新研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《科研管理》2014年第4期149-160,共12页Science Research Management

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目"战略性新兴产业创新管理机制研究"(10YJA630214);2011.01-2013.12;陕西省软科学项目"陕西省上市公司创新能力与产业竞争力研究"(2013KRZ22);2014.01-2014.12

摘　　要：增加科技投入是提升创新能力的重要手段和有效途径。近年来我国科技投入力度不断加强,庞大的科技投入对国家创新能力的作用效果到底如何?不同的投入形式和途径带来的结果有何差异?本文以专利申请数量和新产品销售收入为国家创新能力的指标要素,采用系统动力学的方法建立了科技投入对国家创新能力提升机制的仿真模型。通过Vensim PLE软件对系统内科研资金、人员和政策的变动以及企业、科研机构和高校三大科研主体间资金和人员流动对国家创新能力的影响进行了模拟,揭示了不同形式和来源的科技投入对国家创新能力的作用途径和效果。研究发现:(1)科研资金在配置过程中向高校流动,科研人员在配置过程中向高校和企业流动更有利于提升国家创新能力;(2)从科技政策来看,加大教育投入和专利保护强度都能有效地提升国家创新能力。Increasing S＆T input is a crucial and efficient way to improve the national creativity. In recent years, we have been continuously strengthening the S＆T input. What are the effects of these tremendous S＆T input on the national creativity？ What would be the differences brought by various forms and means of input？ With the number of patent applications and the sales of new products as indicating elements for national creativity, this paper establishes a simulation model on the promotion mechanism of S＆T input on national creativity based on the System Dynamics. The impacts of different factors （ the S＆T funds, the turnover of personnel and change of policies, the mobility of funds and personnel among enterprises, research institutions and universalities） on national creativity are simulated through the Vensim PIE software. It is revealed how the S＆T input with various forms and sources affect the national creativity as well as the corresponding impacts. The results have shown that ： （ 1 ） It is more in favor of national creativity by allocating more S＆T funds to universities and more S＆T personnel to enterprises and universities ; （2） From the perspective of S＆T policy, increasing education inputs and strengthening patent protection can both efficiently enhance national creativity.

关 键 词：系统动力学 创新能力 创新资源 创新政策 科技投入① 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]