“超WTO条款”法律适用研究:基于中国“稀土案”的考察  

Study on the Legal Application of WTO-plus Provisions from the Perspective of China-Rare Earths Case

作　　者：彭德雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2015年第1期89-100,共12页International Economics and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社科课题(14CFX050);上海市社科规划课题(2013EFX005);中国法学会课题(CLS2013D231);中央高校基本科研业务经费资助项目

摘　　要：在WTO体系中存在专门适用中国之规则,主要表现为中国《加入议定书》和《工作组报告书》,在这其中又包含不少"超WTO条款(WTO-plus provisions)",是中国承担"超WTO义务"的文本体现。新近"稀土案"再次将"超WTO条款"与《WTO协定》,尤其是与GATT例外规则的关系问题置于关注视野。立法上的不足导致目前司法裁判者对"超WTO条款"的适用采取区分对待,争端各方对此则各抒己见。"稀土案"的裁决表明即便裁判者内部对同一"超WTO条款"的适用也存在分歧,并出现"单独裁判意见"。对此适用争议,短期内试图通过顶层的立法澄清恐难实现,为此可考虑通过WTO决策机构"专有解释"的第三条路径,弥合对该问题的分歧。与此同时,"稀土案"及其法律适用,将为中国参与全球规则谈判和国内治理带来诸多启示。In the WTO system, there are some China-specific rules that can be called ＂ WTO-plus provisions＂, which are the expression of ＂WTO-plus obligation＂ and included in China Accession Protocol and Report of the Working Party. Currently, the China-Rare Earths Case brings the issue of the relationship between the ＂WTO-plus provisions＂ and the WTO Agreement to the public again, especially its relationship with the Article XX of GATT. The judicial judgment faces this issue on a case-by-case basis as the deficiency of legislation currently, and the parties also have their own views on this issue. Specially, the separate opinion is produced on this issue in China-Rare Earths Case. This controversial issue may not be settled by trying to adopt legislative clarification in the short term. Therefore, it has to consider asking the Ministerial Conference and the General Council to use their ＂exclusive interpretation＂ to bridge the understanding gap. Meanwhile, the dispute of China-Rare Earths Case will bring many inspirations for Chinese participation in the global rules negotiation and domestic governance.

关 键 词：超WTO条款 法律适用 稀土案 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]