德吕舍尔论攻击与亲和本能对两性关系的影响  

Vitus Droescher's Views on the Instinctive Roots of Gender Relations

作　　者：赵芊里[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人类学研究所,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2015年第1期103-107,共5页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(188050-172220212/011)

摘　　要：影响两性关系的本能有攻击、性及亲和本能。亲和性结对本能是攻击性较强但不过强也不过弱的社会动物所具有的要结成基于彼此身心特质上的互补性和主观上的亲和感的稳定伴侣关系的自然倾向。两性的攻击性都过强或过弱的动物只会有临时交配关系而不会有稳定的配偶关系;两性中攻击性一较强一较弱的动物会形成不太稳定的一对多配偶关系;两性的攻击性都较强且水平相当的动物能基于亲和本能结成稳定的一对一配偶关系。亲和本能根源于攻击本能,它可长期有效地抑制攻击性从而使长期稳定的配偶关系即婚姻得以可能。亲和本能就是传说中的"月老的红线"。除本能外,食物、地形、气候、学习等环境与文化因素也会影响两性关系。Vitus Droescher＇s main thoughts on animal sociology of sexes can be generalized as following： the instincts which influence gender rela- tions are mainly sexual and aggressive and sympathetic instincts. Sympathetic Instinct or social bonding instinct is the natural inclination of making a stable partnership based on each other＇ s complementarity of physical and mental traits and the feeling of sympathy which only the social animals with relatively strong but not too strong or too weak aggression have. Animals in which the aggression of both sexes are all too strong or too weak would have only temporary copulations and no stable partnership. Animals in which the aggression of one gender is relatively strong but that of the other is relatively weak would have polygamy in the form of harem which is not so stable. Animals in which the aggression of both sexes are relatively strong and equal in intensity would have stable partnerships of monogamy based on sympathetic instinct. Sympathetic instinct is rooted in aggression, it can restrain aggression long and effectively and therefore make marriage as a stable partnership possible, and it is just the legendary ＂tie that binds＂. Be- sides instincts, the environmental factors such as food supply, landscape and climate, and cultural ones such as teaching and learning would also in- fluence gender relations and marriage patterns.

关 键 词：德吕舍尔 动物社会学 两性关系 婚配模式 亲和本能 攻击本能 性本能 月老的红线 

分 类 号：B089.3[哲学宗教—哲学理论]