共情提高训练在罪犯矫治中的应用探析  

The Application of Empathy Improvement Training in the Offender Correction

作　　者：宋平[1] 张乐雅[1] 杨波[2] 乔文杰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088 [2]中国政法大学社会学院,北京100088 [3]南京林业大学人文社会科学院,南京210037

出　　处：《心理技术与应用》2015年第1期32-36,共5页Psychology(Techniques and Applications)

摘　　要：共情是一种亲社会心理特征。许多国外司法部门已把共情提高训练列为罪犯矫正项目的内容。提高罪犯的一般共情能力和对被害者的共情能力均有一些相应的干预方法,而怎样界定共情和怎样测量共情可能会影响罪犯共情提高训练的效果评估。罪犯的共情提高训练需要注意犯罪类型的影响以及精神病态人格的阻碍作用。共情提高训练的效果评估需要注意测量方法和治疗内容的匹配以及有效的评估工具等。As a pro-social characteristic,empathy is generally defined as the ability to understand and share another＇s emotional state. Previous study found that the empathy was negatively correlated with aggression. There are some intervention programs to improvethe ability of general empathy and victim empathy for the offenders. The following methods are used in empathy training：the offender playing the role of victim;the offender writing an describe of the offense from the victim＇s eye and reading it loudly to his group;making sex offenders to read the written accounts of victims of sexual abuse and then asking the sex offenders to write the effects of reading it;showing video tapes to the offenders that describe the harm of sexual assault to the victims;and arranging meetings between adult survivors of sexual assault and the offender group. Role playing involves playing the role of victim in various methods. The sex offenders need to play the role of victims to change their cognitive distortion. The invention program aimed to promote to improve general empathy. For example,an empathy module in a violent offender treatment program might aim to make the participants to understand the relationship between the perspective taking and their violent offending behavior;Understanding the experience and feelings of others. Interventions might start with a discussion of why empathy is important for them,and then playing the role in a number of different scenarios involving aggressive incidents or interpersonal problems in which participants are improved to consider the actions,feelings and thoughts of others. Then content might be more personally relevant. The last stage is to consider the role of empathy in violence in general situation,before role playing the specific instances that are related with violent offending. The outcome evaluation of empathy training may be influenced by various factors,for example,the definition and measurement of empathy. There are some methods to measure the empathy,for example,the visual r

关 键 词：共情 共情提高训练 罪犯矫治 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]