硝化剂及预处理条件对软木NC氮量及其分布影响  

Effect of Nitration Agents and Soft Wood Treatment on Nitrogen Content and Uniformity of Nitrocellulose

作　　者：郝红英[1] 王飞俊[2] 张云华[2] 邵自强[2] 孙君 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京理工大学,北京市纤维素及其衍生材料工程技术研究中心,北京100081 [3]辽宁庆阳特种化工有限公司,辽宁辽阳111002

出　　处：《含能材料》2014年第6期752-757,共6页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：以加拿大针叶木为原料、采用硝硫混酸和HNO3/CH2Cl2两种硝化剂分别制备了A、B、C、D级硝化纤维素(NC)样品,通过偏光显微镜分析测试了其含氮量及氮量分布(硝化均匀性)。同时采用不同的高压闪爆预处理条件,对针叶木进行预处理,比较了闪爆对高氮量B、低氮量D级NC的含氮量及氮量分布,系统研究了硝化剂体系组成及原料预处理条件对NC的含氮量及其分布影响规律。结果表明,在同样氮量级别,HNO3/CH2Cl2硝化体系比HNO3/H2SO4/H2O得到的NC氮量分布更均匀,A、B、C与D级NC的均匀性分别提高17.46%、16.98%、16.77%和25.79%;同一硝化剂体系,闪爆有利于硝化剂向软木纤维素纤维束内部扩散,能提高NC含氮量及氮量分布均匀性,B级NC,其均匀性提高6.06%,D级NC则提高7.56%。Nitrocellulose samples（NC）with A,B,C,and D grade were synthesized by nitrating Canadian softwood in HNO3/H2 SO4/H2 O and HNO3/CH2 Cl2 ,respectively. The nitrogen content and nitrogen content distribution（ uniformity of nitration）of nitrocellulose were analyzed by a polarizing microscope. Using high-pressure steam explosion technology,soft wood was treated before processing. The effect of steam explosion treatment on the nitrogen content distribution of high nitrogen B and low nitrogen D grade NC was discussed. Results show that the nitrogen content distribution of nitration product from HNO3/CH2Cl2 is more u-niform than that of product from HNO3/H2 SO4/H2 O under the same nitrogen content condition. Uniformities of nitration indica-tors of NC of A,B,C and D grade improve by 16. 9%、17. 5%、16. 8% and 25. 7%,respectively. Steam explosion preprocess can improve nitrogen content and uniformity of product in the same nitrification system because the efficiency of nitration agents diffu-sion to cellulose fiber interior is improved by this treatment,and thus the uniformity for B grade NC can increase by 6. 06% and for D grade NC by 7. 56%.

关 键 词：材料科学 针叶木 硝化纤维素 硝化剂 蒸汽闪爆 氮量分布 溶解度 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]