恩施蔬菜基地土壤养分及重金属污染状况评价  

Evaluation on Soil Nutrient and Heavy Metal Pollution in Enshi Vegetable Soil

作　　者：翟琨[1] 向东山[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北民族学院化学与环境工程学院/生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2014年第12期69-72,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省教育厅重点项目(D20131905;D20131906);生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(PKLHB1316);湖北民族学院团队项目(MY2013T003);湖北省林学一级学科资助项目

摘　　要：为了解恩施蔬菜基地土壤养分及重金属污染状况,对土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及pH值、土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)进行分析,以确定土壤养分丰缺状况;对土壤Pb、Hg、Cr、Cu、As、Cd含量进行分析,以确定土壤重金属污染情况。结果表明,恩施蔬菜基地土壤呈弱酸性,从土壤养分单因子指数来看,CEC为优,全氮和有效磷含量为中等,其余均为良好,土壤肥力综合指数为2.37,属于肥沃水平。土壤重金属单因子污染指数表现为Cd>As>Cu>Cr>Hg=Pb,均小于1;综合污染指数为0.52,表明土壤未受到污染,属于安全级。重金属污染分担率表现为Pb(9.49%)=Hg(9.49%)<Cr(13.92%)<Cu(18.35%)<As(20.25%)<Cd(28.48%),表明Cd是潜在的首要污染物。土壤中重金属元素Hg含量与pH值呈显著负相关,Pb含量和Cu含量与有机质含量呈显著正相关。在恩施蔬菜基地的蔬菜生产过程中需要适度关注氮、磷的补给和Cd的潜在污染。To understand the situation of nutrient abundance and heavy metal pollution in Enshi vegetable soil,the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen（N）,alkaline hydrolysis N,available phosphorus（P）,available potassium（K）and pH value,cation exchange capacity（CEC）were measured,and the content of lead（Pb）,mercury（Hg）,chromium（Cr）,copper（Cu）,arsenic（As）,cadmium（Cd）were analyzed.The results showed that the Enshi vegetable soil was weakly acid,CEC was high,and total N and available P contents were moderate,the others were good according to the soil nutrient index of single factor;the soil fertility composite index was 2.37,so the soil belonged to the fertile level.The order of single factor pollution index of heavy metals in soil was Cd〉As〉Cu〉Cr〉Hg=Pb,which were all less than 1;the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in soil was 0.52,so the soil was not polluted,belonging to the safety level.Share rate of heavy metal pollution showed Pb（9.49%）= Hg（9.49%）〈Cr（13.92%）〈Cu（18.35%）〈As（20.25%）〈Cd（28.48%）,Cd was the potential primary pollutant.In addition,Hg content was significantly negatively related with pH values in soil,Pb content and Cu content were significantly positively related with organic matter content.For vegetable production in Enshi,the application of N,P and potential pollution of Cd should be moderately concerned.

关 键 词：蔬菜地土壤 养分丰缺 重金属污染 恩施 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] X820.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]