1992—2012杭州湾海域生物多样性的变化趋势及原因分析  

The variation tendency of biodiversity and cause analysis in Hangzhou Bay from 1992 to 2012

作　　者：贾海波 唐静亮 胡颢琰 

机构地区：[1]浙江省舟山海洋生态环境监测站,浙江舟山316004

出　　处：《海洋学报》2014年第12期111-118,共8页

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201309008);中国环境监测总站转型发展科研支撑项目(2011ZX-HY003-01)

摘　　要：本文依据浙江省舟山海洋生态环境监测站(1992—2012年)20年的杭州湾生态环境质量监测数据,对杭州湾海洋生物多样性的现状及发展趋势进行了分析,并结合环境因子对生物多样性的变化原因进行了探讨。结果表明:杭州湾海域生物生存环境较为恶劣,生物多样性较低,生物群落结构简单,种类较少。20年间,杭州湾海域生物多样性的变化可大体分为2个阶段,第一阶段是20世纪90年代初至2000年,杭州湾生物群落的各项指标普遍呈现下降的趋势;第二阶段是2000年后至今,由于各项生态环境保护措施加强,杭州湾生物群落得到一定程度的恢复。相关性分析表明,DIN、DIP、COD和富营养化对杭州湾海域生物多样性产生了显著的影响。20年来杭州湾海域生物多样性的变化主要受人类活动的影响,污水排放导致的富营养化对生物多样性的丧失也有很大影响,滩涂围垦等沿海开发使海洋生物栖息地片段化,单调化,加速了生物多样性的降低。Based on 20 years （1992 to 2012） monitoring data maintained by Zhejiang Marine Ecological Environmen- tal Monitoring Station, the current situation and variation tendency of the Hangzhou Bay biodiversity were ana- lyzed. The results showed that the environmental quality of Hangzhou Bay was poor, accompanied by low biodiver- sity and simple biological community structure. The variation of biodiversity in Hangzhou Bay could be divided into two stages over 20 years. In the first stage,from early 1990＇s to 2000,indexes of biological communities in Hang- zhou Bay decreased markedly. In the second stage, after 2000, some recoveries of biological communities had been found due to strengthening environment protection measures. Correlation analysis showed that DIN, DIP, COD and eutrophication had significant effects on biological diversity in Hangzhou Bay. Variation of biodiversity in the Han- gzhou Bay over 20 years was mainly attributed to human activity. Loss of biodiversity was mainly because of sew- age discharge induced eutrophication. Meanwhile, reclamation and other coastal development, which led to fragmen- tation and monotonization of marine habitat, also accelerate the reduction of biodiversity.

关 键 词：杭州湾 生物多样性 变化趋势 原因分析 

分 类 号：Q178.532[生物学—水生生物学]