海南岛近岸海域夏初浮游动物与环境因子的关系  

The relationship between zooplankton and the environmental factors in the coastal waters of Hainan Island in the early summer

作　　者：张光星 陈石泉 陈丹丹 吴钟解 李元超 蔡泽富 王道儒 

机构地区：[1]海南省海洋与渔业科学院,海南海口570125

出　　处：《海洋学报》2014年第12期125-132,共8页

基　　金：海岸带主体功能区划分技术框架研究示范项目(200905005-02)

摘　　要：根据2011年夏初在海南岛近岸海域采集的浮游动物样本,分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、优势种类、丰度、生态类群,生物多样性及均匀度,并对浮游动物与环境因子之间的关系进行了探讨。海南岛近岸海域共鉴定出终生性浮游动物164种,阶段性浮游幼体11个类群,其中以桡足类的种类最多,40属82种。优势种主要有棘皮动物幼体Echinodermata larva、鸟喙尖头溞Penilia avirostris、异体住囊虫Oikopleura dioica、长尾类幼体Macrura larva、肥胖软箭虫Ferosagitta enflata、羽长腹剑水蚤Oithona plumifera、小齿海樽Doliolum denticulatum、中型莹虾Lucifer intermedius、泡抱球虫Globigerina bulloides、微驼隆哲水蚤Acrocalanus gracilis等。海南岛近岸海域浮游动物丰度平均值为1 348.68ind/m3,东部海域浮游动物丰度最高,由近岸向远岸呈递减趋势,而北部湾海域和南部海域由近岸向远岸则呈先增后减的趋势。夏初由于受沿岸流和南海暖流的影响,海南岛近岸海域的生态类群以暖水沿岸种和广布暖水外海种为主。浮游动物多样性指数和均匀度平均值为3.03和0.72,东部海域的多样性指数和均匀度较低,主要原因是阶段性浮游幼体的偶然性暴发。相关性分析显示,海南岛近岸海域浮游动物丰度与pH值呈极显著负相关(p<0.05,r=-0.360);与浮游植物丰度(PA)呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.395);与盐度、DO、CODMn、NO3-N浓度、NH4-N浓度、PO4-P浓度成正相关,与温度、NO2-N浓度、SiO3-Si浓度呈负相关。Based on the zooplankton samples that were collected from the coastal waters of Hainan Island in the early summer of 2011, the factors such as species composition, dominant species, abundance, ecological groups, Shannon- Wiener index and evenness of zooplankton were analyzed ,and the relationship between zooplankton and environ- mental factors was discussed in this paper. The result showed that 164 species of holozooplankton and 11 groups of nlerozooplankton were identified, among which Copepods were the most diverse with 82 species in 40 genera. The dominant species were Echinodermata larva, Penilia avirostris, Oikopleura dioica, Macrura larva, Flaccisagitta en- flata , Oithona plumi f era , Doliolum denticulatum , Lucifer intermedius , Globi gerina bulloides and Acrocalanus gracilis. The average zooplankton abundance in the coastal waters of Hainan island was 1 348.68 ind/m^3 ,with the highest abundance in eastern waters. Zooplankton abundance in eastern coast showed the trend which decreased from near to far,while the abundance in Beibu gulf and southern coast showed the trend which increased firstly and then decreased from near to far. Influenced by the coastal current and South China Sea warm current in the early summer,the most of zooplankton ecological groups were warm water coastal group and eurytopic group in the coastal waters of Hainan Island. The average Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of zooplankton were 3.03 and 0. 72 respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index and evenness were lower in eastern coast result from the explosive growth of nlerozooplankton. Correlation analysis revealed that zooplankton abundance had obvious negative corre- lation with pH （p〈0.05,r= --0. 360） ,and obvious positive correlation with phytoplankton abundance （p〈0.01, r=0. 395）. Furthermore, zooplankton abundance showed a distinct correlationship with the other environmental factors, of which salinity, DO, CODMn, NOa-N, NH4-N and PO4-P were positive, while water temperature, NO2-N and SiO3-Si were negative in the c

关 键 词：海南岛 浮游动物 生态类群 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]