广州地区人工湖食蚊鱼的种群特征  

Population characteristics of mosquito fish(Gambusia affins) in artificial lakes in Guangzhou

作　　者：卢哲[1] 林小涛[1] 陈菁晶[1] 梁彦勤 陈培波[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生命科学技术学院水生生物研究所广东省高校水体富营养化与赤潮防治重点实验室,广州510632

出　　处：《生态科学》2013年第6期784-790,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970555);暨南大学本科创新创业基金

摘　　要：为调查广州地区人工湖泊食蚊鱼的分布以及探究不同生境要素下食蚊鱼的生长繁殖特点和种群特征,于2012年5月-7月份对广州地区6区19个人工湖进行实地考察,发现所考察的人工湖均有食蚊鱼的分布。利用捕捞量比较其中4个人工湖食蚊鱼种群数量,结果显示水体相对富营养化的月湖食蚊鱼数量比其余3个人工湖高出39.5-43.1倍。比较4个人工湖食蚊鱼的形态、摄食、相对怀卵量以及种群结构等指标,结果显示月湖食蚊鱼肥满指数显著低于其余3个人工湖,而肝体指数和消化道饱满指数却显著高于其余3个人工湖。同时,月湖雌鱼的相对怀卵量也显著高于其余3个人工湖,其种群中幼鱼所占比例最大,成鱼中雄鱼所占比例大于雌鱼。反映了水体饵料生物丰富条件下,更有利于食蚊鱼的摄食和繁殖,种群结构低龄化,呈快速增长型。In order to understand population characteristics of mosquito fish, Gambusia affins, in artificial lakes in Guangzhou, an investigation of 19 ponds in 6 districts in Guangzhou was carried out from May to July in 2012. The results showed that there were mosquito fish in all sampled sites. Some population parameters of the fish in four ponds were measured to compare. The population size of G. affins in Yue Lake in Jinan University, Guangzhou, an eutrophic pond, was 39.5-43.1 times more than those of the other three ponds. The condition factors of G. affins of Yue Lake were significantly lower than those of other lakes（P〈0.05）, while liver/body mass ratios, the ratios of digestive tract mass to body mass, and the relative fecundities of the females were significantly higher in Yue Lake, in which the young accounted for the majority of the population and the males dominated quantitatively the adults. It indicated that eutrophication was beneficial for mosquito fish to feeding and reproduction, improving the growth of the population.

关 键 词：食蚊鱼 生境人工湖 种群特征 

分 类 号：Q145.1[生物学—生态学] Q142.9[生物学—普通生物学]