乡村旅游发展对农户生计的影响——以秦岭北麓乡村旅游地为例  

Impact of Rural Tourism Development on Farmer'S Livelihoods—A Case Study of Rural Tourism Destinations in Northern Slop of Qinling Mountains

作　　者：贺爱琳[1] 杨新军[1] 陈佳[1] 王子侨 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,中国陕西西安710127

出　　处：《经济地理》2014年第12期174-181,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171127);西北大学"十二五""211工程"研究生自主创新项目(YZZ13005)

摘　　要：选取秦岭北麓四个不同旅游发展阶段景区,采用半结构性访谈方法对景区周边农户进行问卷调查,根据英国国际发展署(DFID)可持续生计分析框架设计农户生计资本评价指标体系,采用熵值法确定指标权重。基于农户分类,对乡村旅游影响下六种不同生计类型农户的家庭特征、生计策略和生计资本进行对比分析。最后提出提高农户可持续生计的对策建议。主要结论包括:1乡村旅游深刻改变了农户传统的生计组合模式,农户生计方式发生变迁和重构,传统单一的生计方式趋于多样化;2在乡村旅游的影响下,当地农业生产功能衰退,大量传统生计农户向新型生计(旅游经营和务工结合)农户转化,形成六种不同理性偏好共存的生计模式;3乡村旅游发展改变了农户的生计资本储量和组合形式,改善了农户原有的生计环境。总体而言,当地农户生计资本规模有限,且不同类型农户生计资本的差异显著,传统生计型农户生计资本储量和生计活动多样性均明显低于旅游参与型农户。The development of rural tourism may have important impacts on farmers＇ livelihood capital stock and livelihood strategies transition. Quality and efficient livelihood capital is the basis to reducing farmers＇ livelihood vunerability and to enhancing resilience of risk. Selecting four scenic spot of different stages of tourism development in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains, this paper obtains data by using semi- structured interview approach to survveying the farmers around the scenic.Then, based on the British Department for International Development＇（DFID）sustainable livelihoods analytical framework, this research designs the evaluation index system of farmers＇ livelihood captital.And determines the index weight by entropy value method. By classifying farmers, systematicly analyzes six different type of farmers＇ household characteristics, livelihood capital and livelihood strategiesthe under the impact of rural tourism. Finally, it proposes suggestions to improving farmers＇ sustainable livelihoods.The main results are as following：① Rural tourism profoudly have changed the farmers＇ traditional livelihood combination mode. The ways of farmers＇ livelihoods have changed and reconstructed with the traditional and single means of livelihoods tending to diversify;②Because of the impact of rural tourism, local agricultural production declined.As a large number of traditional livelihoods farmers converting to new type livelihoods farmers, the study area have formed six different livelihoods patterns under local farmers＇ rational preference;③The development of rural tourism have changed farmerrs＇ livelihoods capital stock and combination form, promoting famers＇ original livelihoods environment. Overall, the local famers＇ livelihoods capital is limited. And there are significantly differences among different type of fames. Traditional famers＇ livelihood capital stock and diversity of livelihood activities are obviously lower than famers who have taken part in rural tourism.

关 键 词：可持续生计 乡村旅游 农户生计 秦岭北麓 

分 类 号：F590[经济管理—旅游管理]