直接甲醇燃料电池中碳基非贵金属阴极催化剂的研究进展  

Progress in Research on Carbon-based Cathodic Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

作　　者：董友珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院,南京210000

出　　处：《材料导报》2014年第23期118-122,127,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(21005046)

摘　　要：目前直接甲醇燃料电池中阴极催化剂一般是贵金属铂,它的主要问题是成本高、对甲醇无耐受性及易中毒等。碳材料由于成本低、能大量制备和易于修饰等优点而被广泛应用于各个领域,如电催化、锂离子电池、超级电容器等。综述了近年来碳基纳米材料作为阴极催化剂的研究进展,包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、介孔碳等多种碳材料。主要通过对这些碳材料进行元素掺杂和以它为载体与非贵金属材料复合来提高和改善催化剂的性能。最后对未来发展提出了展望。At present,the cathodic catalyst used in direct methanol fuel cells（DMFC）is usually Pt.Its main problems are high cost,the crossover effects,CO poisoning,poor stability after long-term operation and so on.Due to their low cost,large-scale preparation and easy modification,carbon nanomaterials are widely used in many research and engineering fields,such as energy conversion（including fuel cells,metal-air batteries and supercapacitors）,corrosion prevention,and biosensing.The recent development of carbon-based nanomaterials in research on cathodic catalysts for DMFC is reviewed,including carbon nanotubes（CNTs）,graphene,mesoporous carbon and so on.There are two methods to improve the performance：one is element doping,like nitrogen,phosphorus,sulfur,fluroine and so on;the other is composition with non-noble metal materials,for example transition-metal chalcogenides,oxides,and nitrides.The problems and the prospects of the catalyst are suggested.

关 键 词：直接甲醇燃料电池 氧还原反应 碳基纳米材料 

分 类 号：TB321[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]