不同氮素形态对小麦体内氮磷钾分布及群体结构和产量的影响  

Effect of Different N Form on Distribution of N,P and K,Group Structure and Yield in Wheat

作　　者：薛延丰[1,2,3,4] 汪敬恒 李恒 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院食品质量安全检测研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,江苏南京210014 [3]农业部农产品质量安全控制技术与标准重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [4]农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(南京),江苏南京210014 [5]河南省化工研究所有限责任公司,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2014年第6期2444-2448,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(国发农社字[2004]39号);国家星火计划项目(国科发计字[2005]157号:2005EA750062)

摘　　要：以豫麦49为材料,研究了不同氮素形态肥料对氮磷钾在小麦体内的分布、养分利用效率、养分收获指数以及小麦群体结构、千粒重和产量的影响。结果表明,在尿素和多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥(长效碳铵颗粒肥)处理下小麦植株体内氮和磷的分布规律为籽粒>叶片>茎和叶鞘,钾的分布规律表现为茎和叶鞘>叶片>籽粒;氮、磷和钾的利用效率以及养分收获指数与尿素相当,两者差异不显著;尿素和长效碳铵颗粒肥处理下,小麦群体达6.68×107和6.41×107/hm2,显著大于对照;穗长和结实小穗分别比对照高11.9%、11.6%和10.9%、10.6%,千粒重、穗粒数和产量分别比对照高出13.8%、15.2%、15.2%和14.5%、10.0%、14.2%,但尿素和长效碳铵颗粒肥处理之间差异不显著。与尿素相比,长效碳铵颗粒肥不仅具有较高的肥效,同时减少了氮素损失。因此,多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥作为一种高肥效、低投入的新型氮肥,在今后农业生产中应用前景广阔。The seedlings of wheat（ Yumai 49） were treated with different N forms,and the effects of different N forms on the distribution of N,P and K,utilization efficiency,harvest index,group structure and yield in wheat were studied in this paper. The results showed that the regulations of N and P were kernel leaf stem and sheath under the urea and many elements long-acting ammonium bicarbonate,whereas the regulation of K was stem and sheath leaf kernel. The utilization efficiency and harvest index of N,P and K were similar and did not have the significant difference between urea and ammonium bicarbonate. The group of wheat was 6. 68 × 10^7 and 6. 41 × 10^7/ hm^2 in the urea and ammonium bicarbonate treatment,respectively,which significantly increased compared with the control. Under the urea and ammonium bicarbonate treatment,the ear length and actual spikelet were 11. 9 %,11. 6 % and 10. 9 %,10. 6 % higher than that of control,and the thousand kernel weight,kernels per spike and yield were 13. 8 %,15. 2 %,15. 2 % and 14. 5 %,10. 0 %,14. 2 % higher than that of control,respectively. However,there were no significant differences between urea and ammonium bicarbonate. So the ammonium bicarbonate had high fertilizer effect,meanwhile it could reduce the N loss compared with the urea. All the results suggested that many elements long-acting ammonium bicarbonate could be used as a new type N fertilizer with the high effectiveness and low input,and it had the good prospect in agricultural production application.

关 键 词：长效碳铵颗粒肥 氮素形态 小麦 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]