浅埋厚基岩坚硬顶板煤层初采强来压原理分析  

Analysis of Strong Weighting in Initial Mining Shallow-buried Coal-seam under Thick Basement and Hard Roof

作　　者：张书敬[1] 张亮[1] 解兴智[1] 

机构地区：[1]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013

出　　处：《煤矿开采》2014年第6期98-102,共5页Coal Mining Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(51304118)

摘　　要：针对浅埋厚基岩坚硬顶板煤层初采期容易出现大面积悬顶、基本顶初次来压时矿压显现异常剧烈问题,以神府矿区石窑店煤矿为工程背景,采用岩石力学实验、钻孔窥视对顶板岩层结构进行分析,在此基础上应用数值模拟和理论分析对该类顶板初采期的致灾机理进行研究。结果表明:直接顶整体性强、强度大,其初次垮落歩距大且呈大面积垮落特征,这是初采期间容易出现飓风灾害的原因;由于上位基本顶承担大部分上覆岩层载荷,其破断距只承担自身载荷的下位基本顶破断距,导致砂岩基本顶同时破断,破断后形成的厚岩块三铰拱结构稳定性差,当工作面回采到岩梁前端断裂线位置时即发生滑落失稳,给工作面支架带来巨大冲击,这是导致浅埋厚基岩坚硬顶板煤层初采期容易产生灾害的原因。A large area of hanging roof and strong underground pressure behavior easily occurred in the initial period of mining shallow-buried coal-seam under thick basement and hard roof. Applying rock mechanics experiment, bore-hole imaging to analyzing roof strata structure, roof disaster mechanism in initial mining was researched by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. Results were showed as follows. Immediate roof had high integrality and strength and its first caving pace was large, and this was the cause of typhoon disaster easily occurring in initial mining. Most of overlying strata load was bear by upper-basic roof and broken pace of lower-basic roof resulted into sandstone basic roof simultaneously breaking. Stability of three-hinged arch structure after breaking was bad. When mining face reached the location of front breaking line, sliding instability occurred and brought large impact on powered support, which was the cause of roof disaster in initial mining shallow-buried coal-seam under thick basement and hard roof.

关 键 词：浅埋厚基岩 坚硬顶板 致灾机理 初采强来压 

分 类 号：TD322.1[矿业工程—矿井建设]