抽穗期高温与干旱对不同籼型水稻品种产量和品质的影响  

Effect of high temperature and drought on yield and grain quality of different indica rice varieties during heading periods

作　　者：从夕汉[1,2] 施伏芝 阮新民[1,2] 罗志祥 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省水稻遗传育种重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2014年第6期667-673,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD07B02);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD35B02-1);国家"863"计划项目(2012AA101103);院长青年创新基金面上项目(14B0115)

摘　　要：研究了抽穗期高温和干旱对水稻产量和品质的影响.以籼型恢复系蜀恢527、扬稻6号和OM 052以及杂交品种Ⅱ优838和丰两优4号为试验材料并种植于塑料桶内,在抽穗期进行高温(日最高温度为37℃)和干旱(桶中土壤水势控制在-70 k Pa)2个处理,以自然环境条件下塑料桶内水稻为对照.2种处理条件下,水稻的产量、外观品质、长宽比、垩白率和垩白度以及蒸煮食味胶稠度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量下降趋势一致.与对照比较,5个品种在2种处理条件下结实率和胶稠度均下降,达到显著差异,稻米直链淀粉含量也明显降低.胶稠度与直链淀粉含量呈极显著相关,结实率和每穗实粒呈显著或极显著正相关.品种间对温度和水分敏感程度不同,存在很大的差别,OM 052无论在高温与干旱条件下均表现了较高的每穗实粒数和结实率,表明品种OM 052很可能具有耐热和抗旱的特性.The effect of high temperature and drought stress on yield and grain quality of indica rice varieties during heading periods was investigated. Five indica rice cultivars which included three re- storers Shuhui 527, Yangdao 6 and OM052, two hybrid varieties II You 838 and Fengliangyou 4 were grown in pots and suffered from high temperature treatments （maximum temperature during the day at 37.0 ~C ）, soil drying treatments （relative soil water potential reduced to -70 kPa）, while the rice of natural environment condition in plastic bucket was used as control. The yield, long breadth ratio and chalkiness, gel consistency, alkali digestion value and amylose content had the same downward trend under the two treatments. Compared with the control group, seed-setting rate and gel consistency of the five varieties decreased and had significant differences under the two treatments, rice amylose content was significantly lower, too, gel consistency and amylose content correlated significantly, and seed se- tting rate and filled grains per panicle had significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation （r = 0. 949^＊- 0. 995 ^＊ ＊ ）. It had different sensitivity to temperature and water between varieties, while OM052 had a higher filled grains per panicle and seed-setting rate than other varieties under the condition of high temperature and drought stress, which indicated that OM052 probably had the charac- teristic of heat and drought resistance.

关 键 词：水稻 高温胁迫 干旱胁迫 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.1[农业科学—作物学]