冷水灌溉对高温季节番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响  

Effects of cold water irrigation on the growth and physiological characters of tomato seedlings during the high temperature season

作　　者：李胜利[1] 陈菲[2] 毕明明[1] 孙治强[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业职业学院,河南中牟451450

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2014年第6期695-700,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省大宗蔬菜产业技术体系专项(S2010-03-03);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-25-C06)

摘　　要：为探索冷水灌溉对番茄幼苗高温胁迫的缓解效应,研究了灌溉5,8,11,14℃的冷水对番茄幼苗根际温度、幼苗生长发育及花芽分化的影响.试验结果表明:(1)冷水灌溉能够在灌溉后2 h内降低根际与基质表面温度,降温幅度随着灌溉水温的降低呈增强趋势;(2)灌溉水温对番茄幼苗形态有不同程度的影响,随着灌溉水温的降低,幼苗株高、根系活力呈下降趋势,而幼苗全株干物质积累、壮苗指数呈增加趋势.8℃冷水灌溉条件下,番茄幼苗的根冠比、根系干重、根系表面积在所有处理中为最高,且与对照差异达显著水平;(3)适宜温度的冷水灌溉可以提高番茄幼苗的抗逆性,8℃冷水灌溉显著提高了番茄幼苗叶片SOD活性和游离脯氨酸含量,同时降低了膜脂过氧化物丙二醛的含量;(4)冷水灌溉对番茄的第一花序和第二花序开花节位影响差异不明显,但能够显著提高第二花序开花数.从经济投入和试验结果考虑,8℃冷水灌溉为最适灌溉水温,在提高番茄幼苗的抗逆性,减轻高温胁迫对番幼苗生长发育的影响方面效果较佳.In order to explore the alleviating effect of cold water irrigation on tomato seedlings under high temperature stress, tomato seedlings were subjected to cold water irrigation at 5 ,8, 11, 14 ℃ re- spectively per day in the summer season. The rhizosphere temperature, indicators of growth, flower bud differentiation and physiological nature of tomato seedling were determined on the growth stage of four-leaf and one tip. The results showed ： （ 1 ） With the decreasing of the temperature of irrigation wa- ter, the temperature of rhizosphere and surface substate decreased within 2h after irrigation; （2） Height and root activity of tomato seedlings decreased with the decreasing of the temperature of irriga- tion water, but its dry mass and health index increased. Compared with the contrast treatment, root- shoot ratio,dry mass of root, root surface were significantly increased at the 8℃ water treatment; （3） After treatment with 8℃water, the tomato seedlings content of proline and SOD activity were signifi- cantly increased compared with the contrast treatment, while malondialdehyde concentration in leaves of tomato seedlings significantly decreased. So optimum temperature of irrigation water can improve to- mato seedlings stress resistance; （4） Compared with standard treatment, cold water irrigation after 20 d had not significantly affected the first node and the second flower-bearing node of tomato seedlings, but the number of second flowers increased significantly. The optimum cold water irrigation treatment was at 8 ℃ per day. These findings suggested that cold water（8 ℃ ）irrigation might improve the stress resistance of tomato seedlings and alleviate the effect of high temperature stress on tomato seedlings de- velopment.

关 键 词：番茄幼苗 冷水灌溉 高温季节 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]