青岛市2009—2012年学校及托幼机构水痘流行特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of Varicella at schools and kindergartens in Qingdao during 2009-2012

作　　者：林鹏[1] 李晓帆[1] 杨峰[1] 肖婷婷[1] 董海英[1] 管境 

机构地区：[1]山东省青岛市疾病预防控制中心,266033

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第11期1688-1690,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解2009—2012年青岛市学校及托幼机构水痘病例流行病学特征,为完善水痘防控措施提供依据。方法对2009—2012年青岛市学校及托幼机构水痘报告病例资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2009—2011年青岛市共报告学校及托幼机构水痘病例8 977例,年均发病率为140.13/10万,各年度发病率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=67.41,P〈0.01）。发病主要集中在3—6月和11月—次年1月,占全年发病数的79.21%;市区年均发病率（338.96/10万）高于城乡结合部（205.54/10万）,农村地区最低（36.24/10万）,地区间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6 799.11,P〈0.01）;5-9岁儿童发病最多,占总发病数的34.80%;托幼儿童和小学生是水痘的高发人群,中学生和大学生水痘发病例数未见上升趋势。结论应重点加强冬春季小学及托幼机构水痘防控工作,实施水痘疫苗2剂次免疫策略,提高疫苗覆盖率,同时做好学校及托幼机构水痘防病知识宣传和监测工作。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella at schools and kindergartens in Qingdao during 2009-2012, and to explore strategies for varicella control. Methods The methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the data on varicella from 2009 to 2012 in Qingdao. Results A total of 8 977 varicella cases were reported at schools and kindergartens during 2009-2012. Average incidence rate was 140.13/100 000. About 79.21% of all cases occurred during March to June and November to January of next year. The average incidence in urban areas was higher than that of suburban and rural areas. Children aged 5-9 years old were the most vulnerable population. There was no increase trend of varicella in middle school and colleges. Conclusion There is urgent need for further prevention of varicella among schools and kindergartens. Twodose varicella immunization strategy should be encouraged and varicella vaccine coverage should be increased. Schools should strengthen the propaganda of knowledge for varicella.

关 键 词：日托幼儿园 水痘 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]