氮肥运筹对二年生三七产量、品质及养分吸收与分配的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes on Yield,Quality,Nutrition Uptake and Distribution of Biennial P.notoginseng

作　　者：欧小宏[1,2] 张智慧[1] 郑冬梅[3] 郭兰萍[4,5] 王丽[1] 王家金[1] 刘大会[1,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650231 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430700 [3]云南民族大学化学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650500 [4]道地药材国家重点实验室,北京100700 [5]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2014年第12期1000-1005,1014,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81260618;81130070);云南省自然科学基金项目(2012FB192);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)

摘　　要：在中等施氮水平条件下,以1年生三七为材料,采用盆栽试验设置对照（不施氮）和5个氮肥运筹模式,研究了氮肥运筹对三七产量、品质及养分吸收与分配的影响.结果表明,施氮能显著提高三七单株总体生物量12.7 ～41.9％;基肥量为50 ～ 100％的处理,存苗率与对照相当,三七产量比对照增加16 ～ 32.7％;而基肥量小于50％的处理,存苗率比对照低25～32％,产量比对照减产24.5～31.8％.基肥量为70～100％的时能提高三七皂苷R1含量和三七皂苷累积总量.施氮能增加三七N、K含量和积累量,却降低了P含量和积累量,同时增加了N、P、K在三七地上部分的分配比例.不同氮肥运筹模式下,基肥量越小,追肥量及次数越多,三七N、P、K含量呈增加趋势,而累积量则呈先增加后减小的趋势,基施量为70％,1次追肥30％时,P、K累积量达到最大值,N累积量较高.因此,本实验结果表明,基肥用量为50～70％,追肥1～2次,是提高三七产量及品质合理的氮肥运筹模式.One year old Panax notoginseng seedlings were used to investigate the effects of different nitrogen regimes（ control and five different N regimes）on yield, quality and nutrition uptake and distribution in a pot culture experiment under middle N application level. The results showed that： N application could significantly enhance biomass by 12.7-41.9% ; the survival rate of the treatments with basal dressing 50- 100% has the similar survival rate with CK and could enhance the root yield by 16. 4-32. 7% ; meanwhile the treatments with basal dressing 〈50% reduced 24.5-31.8% as the survival rate were 25-32% lower than CK. N application reduced concentration of saponins, but the treatments with basal 70-100% had a higher saponins accumulation than CK. N application increased N, K concentration and accumulation, but decreased P concentration and accumulation, in addition enhanced the N, P, K distribution ratio in shoot. Among the different nitrogen regimes treatments, with the basal dressing decreasing and top-dressing increasing, the concentration of N, P, K trended to increase ; while the accumulation increased firstly and then decreased, and the treatment with basal dressing 70%, top-dressing 30% once had a higher accumulation of N and the highest accumulation of P, K. Therefore, in this research the reasonable nitrogen regime for improving yield and quality of P. notoginseng is 50-70% N as basal dressing and top-dressing once or twice.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 三七 产量 皂苷 养分吸收 

分 类 号：R282.710.5[医药卫生—中药学]