塔里木河中游胡杨种群蒴果形态特征分析  

The Capsule Morphology Characters in Populus euphratica Population in the Middle Reaches of the Tarim River

作　　者：史军辉 刘茂秀 王新英 

机构地区：[1]新疆林科院造林治沙研究所,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2014年第10期1878-1885,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金跨区域重点推广示范项目([2011]TK126)

摘　　要：【目的】胡杨是乔木优良抗逆性基因资源库。以胡杨蒴果形态特征为研究对象,开展胡杨种群生态类型多样性的研究,为胡杨资源保护、遗传多样性维持提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆巴音郭楞州尉犁县塔河流域胡杨林为研究对象,选择南北宽3~6 km,东西长度约为80 km区域内的带状连续或片状分布的胡杨林,在胡杨朔果成熟期对胡杨雌株分别进行了标定与果实样品采集,以蒴果色泽为表型指标、蒴果长度为数量指标,对胡杨蒴果形态特征进行分析,将胡杨种群划分为不同类型。【结果】胡杨蒴果表皮色泽可以明显分为红色蒴果与黄绿色蒴果两类。果序长度和蒴果长度的雌株数量分布,呈现多峰曲线特征,表明胡杨蒴果形态数量特征具有多态性。胡杨果序长度变异范围最大,平均值6.28 cm,变异系数为21.16%;果序蒴果个数,平均有果粒21.22个,变异系数为15.56%;胡杨果序宽度、蒴果长度和宽度平均分别为3.56、1.49和0.51 cm,变异系数分别为12.26%、12.29%和11.76%。采集不同类型雌株数量比,黄绿色大果、红果和黄绿色小果类型样本数量,分别约占蒴果类型雌株数量比的14%、2.1%和83.9%。【结论】（1）胡杨蒴果形态特征具有多态性。根据色泽与长度为分类指标,可以将胡杨类型划分为红色大果、红色小果、黄绿色大果、黄绿色小果4个类型。相同类型蒴果长度变异系数较小,因此,类型的划分具有较好的稳定性。（2）红果、大果类型胡杨自然分布数量相对较少,特别是红果类型。【Objective】The Populus euphratica population is regarded as a resistance gene library. So,the population was marked in different ecological types by analyzing the capsule morphological character for protecting its biological heredity resource more effectively.【Method】During fruit ripeness,the infructescence were collected in 283 individuals of Populus euphratica which were distributed in a area（ 80 km long and 3- 6 km wide） on the banks of the Tarim River at Yuli County,Xinjiang Region. According to its capsule color and length size,the population was divided in different ecological group types. 【Result】The capsule types could be divided into red capsule and yellow- green capsule groups by the capsule colour. The distribution curves of the individual quantity which has different infructescence length or capsule length showed multi- summits,and those to be considered the capsule phenotypic characteristics had different morphological types. By meas-uring the infructescence or capsule quantity traits,the average length and width of the infructescence were6. 28 cm and 3. 65 cm,and the variable coefficients were 21. 16% and 12. 26%. The average capsule number on infructescence was 21. 22,and the variable coefficients were 15. 56%. The average length and width of the capsule were 1. 49 cm and 0. 51 cm,and the variable coefficients were 12. 29% and 11. 76%. The quantity ratio of the yellow- green small capsule individuals,yellow- green big capsule individuals and red capsule individuals in the whole were 83. 9%,14% and 2. 1%,respectively.【Conclusion】（ 1） by the capsule colour and using cluster analysis of the capsule length,the fruit type of Populus euphratica were divided into 4 types with red big capsule,red small capsule,yellow- green big capsule and yellow- green small capsule,and the variable coefficient of capsule size in same capsule type was not significant.（ 2） Because the individual quantity of red capsule and big capsule types kept in a low level relatively,it is important to enhan

关 键 词：胡杨种群 蒴果形态特征 蒴果色泽 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S757.2[农业科学—森林经理学]