Women's football:Player characteristics and demands of the game  

女足:运动员性格及运动要求（英文）

作　　者：Vanessa Martínez-Lagunas Margot Niessen Ulrich Hartmann 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Movement and Training Science,University of Leipzig [2]Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,R3T 2N2.Canada

出　　处：《Journal of Sport and Health Science》2014年第4期258-272,共15页运动与健康科学（英文）

摘　　要：The number of scientific investigations on women＇s football specific to the topics of player characteristics and demands of the game has considerably increased in recent years due to the increased popularity of the women＇s game worldwide, although they are not yet as numerous as in the case of men＇s football. To date, only two scientific publications have attempted to review the main findings of studies published in this area. However, one of them was published about 20 years ago, when women＇s football was still in its infancy and there were only a few studies to report on. The other review was more recent. Nonetheless, its main focus was on the game and training demands of senior elite female players. Thus, information on female footballers of lower competitive levels and younger age groups was not included. Consequently, an updated review is needed in this area. The present article therefore aims to provide an overview of a series of studies that have been published so far on the specific characteristics of female football players and the demands of match-play. Mean values reported in the literature for age （12-27 years）, body height （155-174 cm）, body mass （48-72 kg）, percent body fat （13%-29%）, maximal oxygen uptake （45.1-55.5 mL/kg/min）, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level l （780-1379 m）, maximum heart rate （189-202 bpm）, 30 m sprint times （4.34-4.96 s）, and counter- movement jump or vertical jump （28-50 cm） vary mostly according to the players＇ competitive level and positional role. There are also some special considerations that coaches and other practitioners should he aware of when working with female athletes such as the menstrual cycle, potential pregnancy and lactation, common injury risks （particularly knee and head injuries） and health concerns （e.g., female athlete triad, iron deficiency, and anemia） that may affect players＇ football performance, health or return to play. Reported mean values for total distance covered （4-13 km）, distan由于近年来女足运动在世界范围内逐渐风行,关于女足的科学研究,尤其是关于运动员性格和需求的研究显著增多,尽管其数量还无法和男足研究相匹敌。迄今为止,只有两篇已发表的科学研究对这一领域的研究进行过综述,但其中一篇发表于大约20年前,那时女足运动尚处于起步阶段,只有少数几篇研究报告。另一篇综述较新,但主要关注优秀女足运动员的运动和训练需求,没有包括较低竞技水平和较年轻女运动员的内容。因此,这一领域需要一份更新的综述研究。本文旨在综述目前已发表的一系列关于女足运动员特有的性格及比赛要求的研究。文献中的参数均值由于运动员的竞技水平和场上位置不同而各不相同,如年龄(12—27岁)、身高(155—174cm)、体重(48—72kg)、体脂(13%—29%)、最大摄氧量(45.1—55.5mL/kg/min)、Yo-Yo间歇冲刺测试水平1(780—1379m)、最大心率(189—202bpm)、30m冲刺时间(4.34—4.96s),以及下蹲跳或垂直跳(28—50cm)等。教练和相关人员以及一些特殊方面应该注意,如月经周期、可能的怀孕和哺乳期、常规损伤风险(尤其是膝部和头部),以及相关健康问题(如女运动员三联症、缺铁、贫血等),这些可能影响到女球员的足球水平、健康状况和回归赛场。女足比赛中奔跑全程(4—13km)、高速奔跑距离(0.2—1.7km),平均/峰值心率(74%—87%/94%—99%HRmax),平均/峰值摄氧量(52%—77%/96%—98%VO2max),血乳酸(2.2—7.3mmol/L)平均值也因运动员的竞技水平和位置不同而有差异。方法的差异也会导致报告数值不同。最后,本文还致力于确定女足运动领域尚需进一步研究的空白并得出实际性建议。本文客观地提供了不同层次女足运动员性格及需求的相关文献,帮助教练和运动科学家设计更高效的训练计划和有科学依据的战略,从而进一步提高球员的足球水平和健康状况,并提升这项运动的�

关 键 词：Female soccer players Match-play requirements Physical and physiological profiles 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]