2012年医院感染现患率调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in 2012

作　　者：罗斌华[1] 蒋琼[2] 李福太[1] 陈丽霞[1] 沈燕如[1] 兰玉娟[1] 吕芷娴 

机构地区：[1]江西省人民医院医院感染管理科,江西南昌330006 [2]江西省人民医院医院肾内科,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2015年第1期105-107,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：江西省卫生厅科技计划基金资助项目(20093010)

摘　　要：目的了解住院患者的感染率及抗菌药物使用情况,为提高医院感染管理水平提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,床旁调查和病历调查相结合,对医院2012年8月7日0∶00-24∶00的住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果调查住院患者共1 278例,发生医院感染50例,医院感染现患率为3.91%,其中下呼吸道感染占52.00%,泌尿道及表浅切口感染各占14.00%;社区感染率9.70%,其中下呼吸道感染占54.03%,泌尿道感染占17.74%,皮肤软组织感染占11.29%;医院感染共检出病原菌22株,其中革兰阳性菌6株占27.27%,革兰阴性菌16株占72.73%;社区感染共检出病原菌34株,其中革兰阳性菌13株占38.24%,革兰阴性菌21株占61.76%;日抗菌药物使用率为21.60%,一联用药占88.77%,二联用药占11.23%,无三联及以上用药病例,细菌送检率为58.10%。结论医院感染现患率调查对医院感染控制具有指导意义,社区感染高于医院感染,医院感染管理科应与多部门沟通合作,共同规范临床抗菌药物的合理应用。OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of infections in the hospitalized patients and observe the use of antibiotics so as to provide scientific basis for improvement of control of nosocomial infections.METHODS By means of cross-sectional survey combined with bedside investigation and review of medical records,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was investigated for the patients who were hospitalized during 0∶00-24∶00 on Aug 7,2012.RESULTS The nosocomial infections occurred in 50 of 1 278 hospitalized patients with the prevalence rate of 3.91%,among whom the patients with lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 52.00%,the patients with urinary tract infections 14.00%,the patients with superficial incision infections 14.00%.The prevalence rate of community-acquired infections was 9.70%,the patients with lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 54.03%,the patients with urinary tract infections 17.74%,the patients with skin and soft tissue infections 11.29%.A total of 22 strains of pathogens causing nosocomial infections have been isolated,included 6 （27.27%）strains of gram-positive bacteria and 16 （72.73%）strains of gram-negative bacteria;totally 34 strains of pathogens causing community-acquired infections have been isolated,including 13 （38.24%）strains of gram-positive bacteria and 21 （61.76%）strains of gram-negative bacteria.The daily utilization rate of antibiotics was 21.60%,the patients who received one-drug therapy accounted for 88.77%,the patients who received two-drug therapy accounted for 11.23%,and no patient received three-drug therapy or above.The bacterial submission rate was 58.10%.CONCLUSION The investigation of the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections has great significance in guiding the control of nosocomial infections.The incidence of the community-acquired infections is higher than that of the nosocomial infections.The infection control department should collaborate with multiple departments and reasonably use antibiotics.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 社区感染 调查分析 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]