小陇山林区天然林林种结构优化决策研究  

Optimization of Species Structure of Natural Forest in Xiaolongshan

作　　者：张丛珊 王得祥[1] 刘文桢 柴宗政[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所,甘肃天水741022

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2015年第1期26-32,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201204504)

摘　　要：选用坡度、坡向、植被盖度、裸岩率和农田分布特点5个主要指标划分小陇山林区天然林生态脆弱性等级,基于林种分布区域的生态脆弱性强弱,运用AHP结构层次分析法确定小陇山天然林林种优化方案。结果表明:小陇山天然林分布地段生态脆弱性强,现有林种一般脆弱(一级)等级面积占天然林总面积的5.12%,比较脆弱(二级)占24.62%,非常脆弱(三级)占43.35%,极端脆弱(四级)占26.90%;优化调整结果确定了小陇山天然林适宜发展的林种结构为水源涵养林49.10%、水土保持林14.65%、自然保护林18.60%、风景林8.66%、商品林8.99%;对各林种在生态脆弱等级中的分布结构做出科学规划,即降低水源涵养林和水土保持林在各等级中所占面积比例,提高商品林、自然保护林和风景林的分布比例,其目的为该地区森林分类经营的实施和天然林保护提供科学依据。Five main indicators, including slope, aspect, vegetation coverage, bare rock ratio and farmland distribution were adopted to rate the levels of ecological frangibility of the natural forests occurring in Xiaolongshan. Based on the ecological fragility strengths of different forest types, analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to determine the suitable optimization program of natural forest types. The results showed that the natural forest in Xiaolongshan was ecologically fragile. The areas of ecologically fragile natural forests for level one （general fragile）, two （relatively fragile）, three （very fragile）, and four （extremely fragile） accounted for 5.12%, 24.62%,43.35% and 26.90% of the total natural forest area, respectively. The results of optimization indicated that the proportions of the forests with different functions were as follows： 49.10% for water conservation forest, 14.65% for soil conservation forest, 18. 60% for natural conservation forests, 8. 66% for scenic forests, and 8.99% for commercial forests, respectively. It was suggested that the scientific planning should be carried out on the distribution structure of each forest type based on its contribution to ecologically fragile level, namely to reduce the ratio of water conservation forest and soil conservation forest in each ecological fragile level, to improve the proportion of the other three forest types. The study would provide scientific basis for the implementation and operation of forest classified management and protection of natural forest.

关 键 词：天然林 林种结构 层次分析法 小陇山 

分 类 号：S750[农业科学—森林经理学]