甬优系列籼粳杂交稻根系形态与生理特征  

Root System Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Indica-japonica Hybrid Rice of Yongyou Series

作　　者：姜元华 许俊伟[1] 赵可[1] 韦还和 孙建军[1] 张洪程[1] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 许轲[1] 魏海燕[1] 郭保卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2015年第1期89-99,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B03);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102);农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目资助

摘　　要：以甬优籼粳杂交稻群体（A）为研究对象,在稻麦两熟制机插高产栽培条件下,以三系杂交粳稻群体（B）、超级常规粳稻（C）和超级杂交籼稻群体（D）为对照的试验,旨在揭示甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产根系形态生理特征。结果表明：（1）在生育中、后期,A的根系干重、地上部干重、根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积及根冠比均显著高于B、C和D。（2）抽穗期不定根（根径〉0.3 mm）的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例表现为A大于B和C,小于D;细分支（根径≤0.1 mm）与粗分支（0.1 mm〈根径≤0.3 mm）的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例均表现为A大于D,小于B和C。抽穗期土层0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~15 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于B和C,小于D;土层15~25 cm、25~35 cm、35~45 cm、45~55 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于D,小于B和C。（3）A抽穗后根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系伤流强度以及根系氧化力和根系还原力均高于B、C和D。与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻具有根冠协调水平高、群体根量大、分支结构优、根系深扎性好以及中、后期生理活性强等优势,这种根系特征为其超高产的实现提供了重要保障。A field experiment was conducted to compare the root system morphological and physiological characteristics of four types of rice populations including indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series（A）, japonica hybrid rice（B）, conventional japonica rice（C）, and indica hybrid rice（D） under high-yielding cultivation condition in the rice-wheat cropping system. Results were as follows：（1） The root dry weight, aboveground dry weight, number of root tips, root length, root surface area, root-shoot ratio and root volume of A were obviously higher than those of B, C, and D at the middle and late growth stage.（2） The proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the adventitious roots（root diameter 0.3 mm） to the whole roots of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D at heading; the proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the fine branches（root diameter ≤ 0.1 mm） and coarse branches（0.1 mm root diameter ≤ 0.3 mm） to total roots of A were higher than those of D, while lower than those of B and C at heading. The proportions of root weight in 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–15 cm soil layers to total roots weight of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D; however, the proportions of root weight in 15–25 cm, 25–35 cm, 35–45 cm, and 45–55 cm soil layers to the total root weight where lower than those of B and C, while higher than these of D at heading.（3） The total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area, bleeding intensity, root oxidation activity, and root reducing activity of A were higher than those of B, C, and D. Compared with B, C, and D, the indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series had significant advantage in root-shoot coordination level, root amount, branch structure, root distribution in soil and biological activity in the middle and late growth stage. This peculiarity of A provides an important guarantee to realize the super-high-yield.

关 键 词：籼粳杂交稻 甬优系列 根系形态生理 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]