生物炭与化学肥料互作的大豆生物学效应  

Biological Effects of Biochar and Fertilizer Interaction in Soybean Plant

作　　者：张伟明[1] 管学超[1] 黄玉威[1] 孙大荃[1] 孟军[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院/辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《作物学报》2015年第1期109-122,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303095);辽宁省教育厅科学研究一般项目(L2014267);辽宁省高校重大科技平台建设项目(生物炭工程技术研究中心)资助

摘　　要：以大豆品种铁丰40为试材,在2010—2011年的大田试验中调查生物炭与不同用量化肥配施对大豆生长发育、光合作用、产量与品质及肥料表观利用率的影响。结果表明,炭/肥互作在不同程度上提高了大豆株高、叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率,增加了叶、茎干物重。炭/肥互作对大豆生长前期的氮、磷吸收影响不明显,但随着生育期的推进,叶、茎对氮、磷吸收逐步增加,单株氮、磷积累量明显提高。炭/肥互作提高了单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和产量,平均比单施化肥增产13.2%。其中,在常规施肥量减少15%、30%和60%基础上增施生物炭,2年平均产量分别比常规施肥提高11.20%、11.00%和8.17%,平均增产10.1%。并且炭/肥配施处理的蛋白质与脂肪总量明显优于单施化肥处理,表现为配施化肥量越少效应越明显。生物炭与化肥配施"减量增效"作用明显,可应用于大豆生产。The effect of biochar, as a soil amendment, in combination with different concentrations of a chemical fertilizer on the agronomic traits and physiological characteristics was investigated using the soybean cultivar Tiefeng 40 during 2010 and 2011. The results revealed that the application of biochar mixed with fertilizer increased the plant height, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf transpiration rate, and also improved the leaf and stem dry matter accumulation. Although the effect of biochar mixed with fertilizer on N（nitrogen） and P（phosphorus） uptake in soybean was not obvious during the early growth stage, both leaf and stem N and P uptake gradually increased in the late stage, and the accumulation per plant for both N and P was also significantly improved. Moreover, biochar mixed with fertilizer increased the pod number, seed number, and seed size per plant, resulting in an average yield increase of 13.2%, compared with the treatment of applying chemical fertilize alone. As the fertilizer application was reduced by 15%, 30%, and 60%, the yield increased by 11.20%, 11.00%, and 8.17% respectively, with a yield increase of 10.6% on an average of two years. Meanwhile, the increase in total protein and fat contents was also dependent on the concentration of biochar mixed with fertilizer, the greater the biochar concentration, the greater the increase. Taken together, our results support the theory of ＂less fertilizer, but positive effects＂ for both yield and quality in Tiefeng 40. This approach can be applied in soybean production.

关 键 词：生物炭 大豆 产量 生物学效应 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]