秸秆还田条件下适量施氮对冬小麦氮素利用及产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning Plus Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Utilization and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat

作　　者：陈金[1] 唐玉海[1,2] 尹燕枰[1] 庞党伟 崔正勇[1] 郑孟静 彭佃亮[1] 杨卫兵[1] 杨东清[1] 李艳霞[1] 王振林[1] 李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]潍坊科技学院,山东寿光262700

出　　处：《作物学报》2015年第1期160-167,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山东省现代农业技术体系建设项目;国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203100;201203029);国家自然科学基金项目(31271661);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2012BAD04B05);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB118602)资助

摘　　要：2011—2012和2012—2013年生长季,通过田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦干物质积累、氮效率、土壤硝态氮积累及产量的影响。与单施氮肥（对照）相比,秸秆还田显著提高冬小麦全生育期干物质积累总量,降低开花前干物质积累量及其占全生育期比例;秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm^–2处理的氮肥偏生产力、氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数分别提高7.5%、6.4%和5.2%。秸秆还田显著降低了不同土层硝态氮积累量,尤其是0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层。秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm^–2的产量最高,且显著高于其他处理,增产幅度最大,因此可作为当地秸秆还田模式下适宜推荐的施氮量。A field experiment was conducted in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons to assess the effects of straw returning plus nitrogen（N） fertilizer on wheat yield and N use efficiency. Compared to only N fertilizer applied（control）, straw returning resulted in the increase of dry matter accumulation during the whole growing period and the decrease of the proportion of dry matter accumulation before anthesis to that in whole growing period. The partial factor productivity of applied N, N use efficiency, and N harvest index increased by 7.5%, 6.4%, and 5.2%, respectively, in the straw returning plus pure N 225 kg ha^–1 treatment compared with the control. Under straw returning condition, the nitrate N accumulation in soil decreased significantly, especially in 0–30 and 30–60 cm layer. The grain yield of straw returning plus pure N 225 kg ha^–1 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments, showing the largest increment over the control. Therefore, it is a suitable technique in local cropping patterns.

关 键 词：冬小麦 秸秆还田 氮肥 氮效率 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]