聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂在细水雾灭火中的应用  

Application of polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants in water-mist fire extinguishing

作　　者：刘惠平[1] 吴波[1] 周子琨[1] 朱鹏[1] 刘章蕊[1] 徐凡席 

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术学院,上海201418 [2]上海纽特消防设备有限公司,上海200042

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2015年第1期92-95,共4页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51106100);上海市联盟计划项目(LM201252)

摘　　要：以几种O系列聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂为添加剂,利用表面张力仪、激光粒度分析仪、乳化性能实验等详细研究了它们对水的物理性质(表面张力、喷雾粒径、乳化性能)的影响。根据测试结果,以O-8为细水雾添加剂,利用灭汽油油盆火实验研究了含O-8细水雾的灭火性能,并用烟气分析仪分析了灭火过程中的烟气(氧气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳)浓度。实验结果表明:O系列聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂的加入能显著降低水的表面张力、减小细水雾的粒径分布、增强水的乳化性能。与纯水细水雾相比,含O-8的细水雾具有更好的灭火性能,并有利于抑制汽油燃烧过程中一氧化碳和二氧化碳的产生。Several O-type polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants were used as additives in water, and the effects of additives on water＇s physical properties such as surface tension, spraying particle size and emulsifying property were studied by using Surface Tensiometer, Laser Particle Size Analyzer and emulsifiability tests. According to the experimental results, the 0-8 surfactant was chosen and added in the water, and then the fire extinguishing performance of the water mist containing 0-8 additive was investigated by the experiment of extinguishing the gasoline fire in a basin. The concentrations of smoke components （oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide） produced during the fire-extinguishing process were analyzed using the Flue Gas Analyzer. The experimental results showed that, the addition of O-type polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants in water can lower dramatically the surface tension of water, decrease the water mist＇s spraying particle size and enhance the emulsifying property of water. Compared with the pure water mist, the water mist containing 0-8 additive is of the better fire-extin- guishing performance, and is favorable to prohibit the producing of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide during the combustion process of the gasoline.

关 键 词：聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂 细水雾 表面张力 粒径分布 灭火性能 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TQ423.2[化学工程]