番茄根系层土壤水分变化规律及标定方法研究  

Research on Rransformation Laws and Calibration Method of Soil Water in Tomato Roots Soil Layer

作　　者：张军[1,2] 范兴科[1,3,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第1期53-58,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100509)

摘　　要：研究了番茄根系层土壤含水率的变化规律及番茄根系在土层的分布状况,从而准确确定根系层耗水最强烈的区域。结果表明,番茄根系层土壤含水率及波动幅度随距植株水平距离的增加而递减。距植株5cm处土壤含水率最小值从苗期的10cm土层下降到开花结果期的20cm土层。苗期一个灌水周期内,距植株15cm处苗期土壤含水率随土层深度的变化随灌水后时间推移趋于平缓,开花结果期10-20cm土层土壤含水率达到最小。苗期和开花结果期,距植株25cm处土壤含水率均表现为10cm以上土层变化较大,10cm以下土层土壤含水率随深度变化不大。苗期到开花结果期,土壤水分低值区域范围水平方向扩大,竖直方向扩大并下移。苗期可用距植株5cm处0-10cm土层含水率,开花结果期可用距植株5cm处0-30cm土层含水率计算作物蒸腾量。Transformation laws of soil water capacity in tomato roots soil layer and the distribution condi- tion of tomato roots in soil layers were researched in order to confirm the most intense region of water con- sumption. The results showed that the soil water capacity and its fluctuation range decreased as the hori- zontal distance from the plant increased. The minimum value of soil moisture went down from 10 cm to 20 cm soil layer in area of 5 cm from the plant in horizontal direction. During one irrigation cycle in seed- ling stage, with time passing by, the fluctuation range of soil moisture became gentle in area of 15 cm from the plant in horizontal direction. In blossom stage, the minimum soil water capacity existed in 10-20 cm underground. In seedling stage and blossom stage, the soil water capacity changed greatly in soil layer a- bove 10 cm in area of 25 cm from the plant in horizontal direction, while the fluctuation of soil water capac- ity under 10 cm was relatively gentle. From seedling stage to blossom stage, the coverage soil water defi- cient area turned lager in horizontal and vertical directions and shifted down in vertical direction. The soil moisture capacity value of 0-10 cm soil layer in seedling stage and the soil moisture capacity of 0~30 cm soil layer in blossom stage could be used to calculate tomato plant transpiration in area of 5 cm from the plant in horizontal direction.

关 键 词：番茄 根系 土壤含水率 P-M修正公式 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S274.1[农业科学—园艺学]