西瓜种质资源表型多样性及聚类分析  

Phenotypic Diversity and Clustering Analysis of Watermelon Germplasm

作　　者：潘存祥[1] 许勇[2] 纪海波[1] 李玉明[1] 陈年来[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]国家蔬菜工程技术研究中心,北京100080

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2015年第1期59-63,共5页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2010-006)

摘　　要：采用变异系数、多样性指数和聚类分析等方法,对国内外783份西瓜种质资源24个表型性状进行了遗传多样性研究。结果表明:西瓜种质资源24个表型性状的平均变异系数为31.19%,其中种子覆纹颜色变异系数最大(70.90%),第一雌花节位最小(0.48%)。24个表型性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.68,叶纵径(2.29)、叶横径(2.24)、果实皮厚(2.24)、果实横径(2.23)、果实生育期(2.19)、茎节间长度(2.09)、果实纵径(2.07)、种子百粒重(2.07)、单瓜种子数(2.04)多样性系数均较大,茎断面形状多样性指数最小(0.39)。基于24个表型性状,供试西瓜材料在欧氏距离为25时聚为2类:A类为普通西瓜种(Citrullus lanatus);B类为药西瓜(Citrullus colocynthis)。在欧氏距离为20时聚为3类:A1为Citrullus lanatus的普通西瓜亚种(sp.vulgaris),A2为Citrullus lanatus的毛西瓜亚种(sp.lanatus),B类为Citrullus colocynthis的淡味药西瓜亚种(sp.insipidus)。在欧氏距离为15时A11为sp.vulgaris的普通西瓜变种(var.vulgaris),A12为sp.vulgaris的籽瓜变种(var.megalaspermus),A2为sp.lanatus的开普西瓜变种(var.capensis)。西瓜种质资源表型性状的变异程度和多样性指数较高,具有丰富的变异程度和多样性。欧氏距离25可作为西瓜属内划分物种的遗传距离,20可作为划分西瓜亚种的遗传距离,15可作为西瓜变种划分的遗传距离。In order to efficiently use watermelon germplasm,this study analyzed and compared the genetic diversity of 24 main phenotypic traits of 783 germplasms using genetic diversity indexes,coefficient of variation and cluster analy- sis. The results showed that coefficient of variation（CV） values of the 24 phenotypic traits ranged from 0. 48% （The first female flowers node）to 70. 90% （Seed speckle color）with an average of 31.19%. The diversity indexes （H＇）of the 24 phenotypic traits ranged from 0. 39 （Stem section shape）to 2. 29 （Leaf longitudinal diameter）with an average of 1.68. The phenotypic traits with higher diversity indexes （H＇） were leaf longitudinal diameter （ 2. 29 ）, leaf transverse diameter （2. 24） ,fruit peel thickness（2. 24） ,fruit transect diameter（2. 23） ,fruit development period（2. 19） ,length between nodes （2. 09）,fnfit longitudinal diameter（2. 07）,100-seed weight（2. 07）,seed per fruit（2. 04）. Based on clustering analysis of 24 phenotypic traits,the 783 collections,at the Euchdean distance of 25,could be divided into 2 broad headings：A was Citrullus lanatus ;B was Citrullus colocynthis. The collections were further classified into 3 categories by cluster analysis at the genetic distance of 20：A1 was sp. vulgaris,A2 was sp. lanatus,B was sp. insipidus, at the Euclidean distance of 15, All was var. vulgaris ,A12 was var. mega/aspermms. A2 was var. capens/s. Coefficients of variation（ CV）and diversity inde- xes（H＇） of watermelon phenotypic traits were high, indicating that watermelon had abundant variation and diversity. Eu- chdean distance 25 could be used as a watermelon divided into species genetic distance,20 could be used as a watermelondivided into subspecies genetic distance,15 could be used as a watermelon divided into vafietas genetic distance.

关 键 词：西瓜 变异系数 多样性指数 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]