大花红山茶4个变异类型开花生物学特性  

Flowering Biological Characteristics of Four Variant Types of Camellia magniflora Chang

作　　者：王耀辉[1] 高超[2] 李葵[1] 王碧芳[2] 谭露曼 

机构地区：[1]怀化市林业科学研究所,湖南怀化418000 [2]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室/经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2014年第6期1284-1289,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170639);湖南省引进国外智力专项项目[湘财社指2013-31];湖南省林业厅林业科技创新专项[湘财农指2013-71];湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2013A014);中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新基金资助项目(CX2013A01)

摘　　要：为开展大花红山茶（ Camellia magniflora Chang）杂交育种及物种保护工作，以大花红山茶的4个变异类型为材料，通过田间观察开花物候期并结合花器特征分析、花粉活力、花粉／胚珠比和杂交指数等指标测定，研究大花红山茶变异类型的开花生物学特性。结果表明：（1）4个类型的开花物候期不一致，类型1开花最早，类型2花期最长为73 d，类型3花期最短为48 d，类型4开花最晚；（2）类型1花冠最大，花瓣浅粉色，雄蕊数量多达182枚。类型2、类型3和类型4花瓣颜色逐渐加深，雄蕊数量相差不大但均较类型1少。4个类型的花柱数量均为3个，花瓣数量均为5～7枚；（3）4个类型的新鲜花粉在10％蔗糖＋1％琼脂的培养基上萌发率均大于46％，活力较高，雄配子可育；（4） P／O值法和OCI值法表明4个类型的繁育系统为异交型，需要传粉者。大花红山茶变异的类型中存在雄蕊瓣化现象。In order to promote the development of cross breeding and species conservation of Camellia magniflora Chang,by using four variant types of it as materials,a study of blooming phenophase,flower characteristics,pollen viability,pollen-ovule ratio and out-crossing index was conducted.The results showed：（1） The blooming phenophase of the four variant types of Camellia magniflora Chang was inconsistent. Type one blossomed the earliest.Type two had the longest flowering period of 73 days.Type three had the shortest flowering period of only 48 days.Type four blossomed the latest.（2） The corolla of type one,whose petals were light pink,was the largest and its stamen number was as many as 182.The petal color of type two,type three and type four gradually deepened and their stamen number was similar but less than that of type one. The styles numbers of the four types were all three and their petal numbers were between five to seven.（3） The germination rate of the fresh pollen of the four types could reach more than 46% in the medium of 10% sucrose and 1%agar and the pollen viability was high and the male gametes were fertile.（4） The research of pollen-ovule ratio and out-crossing index in the breeding system of the four types showned that they were xenogamy plants,needing pollinators.Stamen degeneration existed in the variant types of Camellia magniflora Chang.

关 键 词：大花红山茶 变异 开花生物学 繁育系统 

分 类 号：S685.14[农业科学—观赏园艺]