2000—2010年我国水稻病虫害发生与为害特征分析  

Characteristics of Occurrence and Damage from Diseases and Insect Pests in Rice Production in China during 2000—2010

作　　者：赵梦[1,2] 欧阳芳[1] 张永生[1,2] 李魏[2] 曹婧[2] 戈峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所/农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2014年第4期275-280,共6页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：环保部专项(STSN-04-04);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B05)

摘　　要：病虫害是威胁我国水稻安全生产的重要因素之一。但从宏观上研究其发生与为害特征的报告不多。基于我国植物保护统计数据、水稻产量数据和农田土地覆盖类型遥感数据,重点分析2000年至2010年11年期间我国水稻病虫害发生与为害特征。结果表明:2000年到2010年期间,我国水稻病害、虫害年均发生面积分别为2.85亿亩次和7.26亿亩次,其年均防治面积分别为7.28亿亩次和14.72亿亩次;11年期间水稻病虫害的发生面积、发生程度、防治面积和防治程度均波动增加。防治水稻病害、虫害后,分别挽回稻谷为1 114.49万t、2 288.27万t,其挽回损失量在11年期间分别增加了38.34%、37.51%,表明水稻病虫害防治意义重大。但由于气候变化等诸多因子,导致2000年到2010年我国水稻病害、虫害年均造成的实际稻谷损失量仍分别为206.52万t与291.35万t,说明水稻病虫害的防控还有提升的空间。从全国各省分布来看,水稻病虫害发生分布较广的省份有东北区域的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁;华东区域的山东、江苏、安徽、江西;华中区域的河南、湖北、湖南;华南区域的广西、海南;西南区域的四川。为有效地防止或减少病虫害对水稻产量的损失,应加强全球变化下区域性稻田生态系统病虫害生态调控研究,建立相应的防控新对策与技术体系。Frequent outbreaks of diseases and insect pests are important factors threatening the rice production in China. But little research has been reported about the characteristics of occurrence and damage from diseases and insect pests in macroscopic view. Using statistical data of plant protection, rice yields, and land coverage type distribution by remote sensing in China, this paper focused on analyzing the tendency of＆amp;nbsp;diseases and insect pests in occurrence, loss, and its spatial distribution ranges in rice crop from 2000 to 2010. Results showed that the yearly mean occurrence areas of diseases and insect pests were 285 and 726 million Mu/time, while the mean prevention and control areas were 728 and 1,472 million Mu/time, respectively. The occurrence areas, occurrence intensity, prevention and control areas, prevention and control intensity of diseases and insect pests in rice gradually increased during this period. The mean saved loss yield of rice from diseases and insect pests were 11.1449 and 22.8827 million tons, increasing by 38.34%and 37.51%, respectively, which indicated that prevention and control of diseases and insect pests were of great significance to the rice production. But the yearly mean actual loss yield of rice from diseases and insect pests were still 2.0652 and 2.9135 million tons, as result of external factors such as climate changes, suggesting that further efforts should to be done to promote the ability of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Rice diseases and pest insects were mainly distributed in the major grain producing areas in Northeastern China （Heilongjiang, Jiling and Liaoning）, Eastern China （Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui）, Mid-China （Henan, Hubei and Hunan）, Southern China （Guangxi, Hainan） and Southwestern China （Sichuan）. In order to effectively prevent or reduce the effects of biological disasters on the safe rice production, the ecological environment of farmland should be improved to promote the integrated pest management rese

关 键 词：水稻 病害 虫害 发生面积 发生程度 损失量 损失率 空间格局 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]