阴-非离子表面活性剂对黑土中DDTs的洗脱研究  

Elution of DDTs from Black Soils by Anionic-nonionic Surfactant Solutions

作　　者：肖鹏飞[1] 应杉[1] 李玉文[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第6期283-288,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(DL13CB12);国家自然科学基金项目(41201307);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12533010);2012年度留学回国人员科技活动择优资助项目

摘　　要：采用室内序批试验研究了几种非离子及阴离子表面活性剂,以单一和组合2种方式对人工污染黑土中滴滴涕（DDTs）的洗脱特性及影响因素进行了对比分析。结果表明：非离子表面活性剂对DDTs的洗脱效果优于阴离子表面活性剂,其中Tween 60和Tween 80的洗脱效果最佳,最高洗脱率达33.2%～37.2%。将Tween 60与阴离子表面活性剂SDS按一定质量比例组合可提高洗脱效果,尤其在质量比为3∶1时的洗脱率比Tween 60单独处理时高20%以上。表面活性剂对DDTs洗脱率随土壤老化时间的延长而降低,而土壤老化时间对Tween 60-SDS组合洗脱能力的抑制程度小于对Tween 60洗脱能力的抑制程度。无机助剂Na2SiO3或Na2CO3的添加可显著促进DDTs的表面活性剂洗脱效果,其中1 000mg/L的Na2SiO3使单一及混合表面活性剂对DDTs的洗脱率提高至1.4倍左右。3种有机助剂的添加同样对4,4’-DDT洗脱率起到一定的强化作用,但强化效果略低于无机助剂,对洗脱效果的促进作用大小顺序为：正丙醇〉正丁醇〉正己醇。The elution of DDTs from contaminated black soils had been examined using anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants in a laboratory.The results showed that：All surfactants were effective on removal of DDTs from black soil,and the removal rates of DDTs increase gradually with the increase in concentration of surfactants.The highest removal rates of 33.2% ～37.2% were observed for nonionic surfactants,Tween60 and Tween80at 2 000mg/L.When Tween 60-SDS mixed surfactants were applied at 2 000mg/L,in the best mass ratio conditions of 3∶1,over 41.5% of DDTs was removed from the soil.In the soil with120 dof aging period,the removal rate of DDTs by Tween60 and Tween 60-SDS（3∶1）decreased 22.9%～27.2% and 16.4% ～16.7% respectively,than that in the soil with 30 dof aging period,indicated that removal rates of DDTs by surfactants declined with the increasing of soil aging period.Na2SiO3 and Na2CO3could greatly enhance the removal rate of DDTs from soil by Tween 60 and Tween 60-SDS（3∶1）,and the most effective inorganic salt for removal enhancing of DDTs was Na2SiO3 at 1 000mg/L.The removal of 4,4＇-DDT by Tween 60 and Tween 60-SDS（3∶1）in black soil could be enhanced by addition of straight chain alcohols,n-propanol,n-butanol and n-hexanol at a concentration range between 0.25 and 1.0mol/L.

关 键 词：DDTS 表面活性剂 黑土 增溶 洗脱 老化时间 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]