基于田间实际耗水的作物生产水足迹  

Water footprint of grain production based on crop water consumption

作　　者：刘帝[1,2] 操信春[1,2] 王玉宝[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2014年第8期719-724,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B09);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50809055);西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干项目

摘　　要：为了衡量田间尺度粮食生产对资源的真实利用,基于水足迹及作物耗水理论,提出基于作物实际耗水的农作物生产水足迹计算方法,并以陕西关中的小麦、玉米为研究对象,对1998,2005及2010年的生产水足迹进行了计算.结果显示：同一年份同一作物不同地区间耗水量具有较大差异,同时,关中地区3个代表年份平均小麦、玉米耗水量分别比需水量小16.2%和12.4%;小麦、玉米生产水足迹有减小趋势,代表年平均值分别为0.96,0.77 m^3/kg;各地区小麦虚拟水中蓝水比例在10%-40%,玉米则在20%-50%范围内变化,且年际、地区间的蓝水占有比例均无明显变化趋势;3个代表年小麦、玉米的总水足迹之和分别为70.1,59.8及60.7亿m3,均大于当地的水资源总量,其中蓝水所占比例均值为29.1%.基于作物实际耗水的作物生产水足迹的计算对基于水足迹和虚拟水贸易的科学研究及政策制定均有重要意义.According to the water footprint and crop water consumption theory, the production water footprint of crop calculation model based on the actual crop water consumption was presented. Taking on the winter wheat and summer maize in the Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province as the objective of the study, the production water footprint of the grains in 1998, 2005 and 2010 were calculated and analyzed. The results show that： the water consumption of a certain crop （winter wheat or summer maize） in the same year is varied form district to district. Compared with the crop water requirement, average water consumptions of wheat and maize in three years are 16.2% and 12.4% lower respectively. Variable trends of the virtual water content of winter wheat and summer maize have reduced year by year, and average virtual water content are 0.96 and 0.77 mB/kg respectively. The proportion of blue water in virtual water of wheat is 10% - 40% , and the change range of maize is 20% - 50% , meanwhile, the proportion of blue water between regions has not a significant change trend. The production water footprint of grain were 7.01, 5.98 and 6.07 billion m^3 in the three representative years, and all of them are larger than the local water resources when the proportion of blue water footprint is 29.1% ; The calculation of water footprint based on the actual consumption of crops has great significance on the scientific research and policy based on water footprint and virtual water trade.

关 键 词：生产水足迹 陕西关中地区 田间尺度 作物耗水 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]