广东新会小鸟天堂鸟类多样性及保护策略  

Birds diversity and protective strategies for birds resources in Bird Paradise Scenic, Xinhui, Guangdong

作　　者：刘谞承[1,2] 汪涛[1] 赵建刚[2] 曾嘉强[1] 梁明易[1] 吴锦辉 贺磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655 [2]水体富营养化与赤潮防治广东普通高校重点实验室,暨南大学,广州510632 [3]新会小鸟天堂旅游有限公司,江门529141

出　　处：《生态科学》2014年第5期955-962,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：水体富营养化与赤潮防治广东普通高校重点实验室开放基金课题(J201302);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(11613301)

摘　　要：通过小鸟天堂及其周边鸟类资源调查,研究了小鸟天堂鸟类群落结构特征。结果表明,小鸟天堂共有鸟类96种,隶属14目、34科、68属,其中以非雀形目鸟为主,科、属、种各占总数的52.94%、58.82%和57.29%,其科属多样性(DG-F=0.7625)大于雀形目鸟类(DG-F=0.7145)。鸟类优势种共18种,约占18.75%,以鹭鸟居多,3种鹭科鸟类群落数量为6040—6290只之间,夜鹭数量最多,池鹭其次,白鹭相对较少。按居留型,留鸟和冬候鸟数量占优,各为51.04%和40.63%;区系特征表现为东洋界和古北界鸟类多,各占45.83%和41.67%。小鸟天堂内鸟类种数、物种多样性、科属多样性均大于东面英洲河沿岸和北面农业区,而相邻两处区域均以雀形目数量居多,说明小鸟天堂是该区域鸟类集中分布区,但相邻区域已不适合鹭鸟等非雀形目鸟类活动。通过鸟类群落特征及其分布特征的研究,结合周边生境调查,剖析小鸟天堂面临的环境问题,并提出环保措施及建议。The structure characteristics of bird community were studied in Xinhui Birds’ Paradise Scenic from January to December, 2013. 96 bird species were totally recorded, belonging to 14 orders, 34 families and 68 genus, in which the non-passerines birds were major and the genus-families diversity（DG-F=0.7625） was higher than passerines birds’. 18 dominant species were accounted, most of which were Ardeidae. 3 kinds of ardeidae birds were between 6040 and 6290, of which the Nycticorax nycticorax was the most（3600-3750） in quantity; the following was Ardeola bacchus（1660-1730） and the least was Egretta garzetta（780-810）. There were 49 residents, 39 winter visitors（or travelers）, and 8 summer migrants for the resident type. For the avifauna, the species of Oriental, Palaearctic and widespread birds were 44, 40 and 12, respectively. The species abundance, species diversity（H′） and genus-families diversity（DG-F） in the Bird Paradise Scenic were higher than those of surroundings, which was inappropriate to perch for the Ardeidae birds. By studying on the characteristics and distribution of bird communities, the environmental problems in the Bird Paradise Scenic were analyzed combining with the surveys of ecosystem in surrounding habitat, and the environmental protection measures and recommendations were discussed.

关 键 词：新会小鸟天堂 鸟类多样性 鸟类群落特征 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] Q959.3