毛黄钟花(Tabebuia chrysantha)的生态生物学特征及其播种繁殖技术  

The ecological and biological characteristics and sowing propagation techniques of Tabebuia chrysantha

作　　者：袁莲莲[1,2] 王少平[1] 刘楠[1] 张倩媚[1] 任海[1] 雷泽湘[2] 盘桂波 罗建 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650 [2]仲恺农业工程学院,广州510225 [3]广东省阳春市陂面林业站,广东阳春529621 [4]广东阳春鹅凰嶂省级自然保护区,广东阳春529631

出　　处：《生态科学》2014年第5期984-990,共7页Ecological Science

摘　　要：毛黄钟花(Tabebuia chrysantha(Jacq.)Nichols.)为紫葳科落叶灌木或小乔木,是优良的园林绿化树种。系统研究其形态解剖特征、光合生理生态特征及其播种繁殖技术,结果表明,毛黄钟花为阳生性树种。毛黄钟花的枝角及叶面积大,栅栏组织发育好,下表皮气孔数多,利于其对光能的吸收利用。光合速率日进程呈单峰曲线,无光合午休现象。叶片具有较高的光补偿点、较高的光饱和点和较小的表观量子效率,在高于光饱和点的光强下,其叶片的光合速率并未出现明显下降趋势,同时还维持了较高的蒸腾速率。毛黄钟花叶绿素荧光参数显示其具有较高的能量利用效率,能有效吸收光能并传递到光合反应中心。播种在沙土中的种子较泥炭土中的种子发芽要早、萌发周期短且发芽率高,但在泥炭土中的幼苗植株株高要相对较高且叶色较深,这表明其萌发及栽培时可尽量选择土层肥沃的砂质壤土。研究结果显示毛黄钟花适合生长在水热充沛、土壤相对肥沃的热带亚热带地区。Tabebuia chrysantha is a deciduous shrub or small tree species in Bignoniaceae family, which can be used in landscape greening. This paper reported the morphological and physiological characteristics of T. chrysantha and analyzed the sowing propagation techniques of this species, and it showed that T. chrysantha is a heliophyte species. Because of the large leaf area and branch angle, many pores on the lower epidermis and well developed palisade tissue, T. chrysantha could obtain light energy effectively, which had a single peak in leaf diurnal net photosynthetic curve without midday depression. It had high light saturation point, high light compensation point, and low apparent quantum yield. When the radiation intensity was higher than light saturation point, the leaves did not decline photosynthetic rates significantly but kept high transpiration rate. Results on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that this species had a relatively high level of energy use efficiency, which could effectively absorb light energy and transmit it to photochemical reaction center. Our results also indicated that the seeds of T. chrysantha sown in the sandy soil could germinate earlier, and had shorter germination term and higher germination rate than those sown in peat soil. However, seedlings germinated in peat soil could grow higher and produce greener leaves. It proves that sandy loam may promote T. chrysantha’s growth, and this species is suitable to be planted in tropical and subtropical nutritious sandy soils.

关 键 词：毛黄钟花 园林绿化 光合作用 叶绿素荧光参数 播种繁殖 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]